Church Corruption Canterbury Tales - 1168 Words

Corruption of the Church in The Canterbury Tales Around 1300AD, the Italian Renaissance was introduced, spreading through continental Europe as a â€Å"rebirth† of intellect, culture, and especially in the church. Despite the societal advancement, this religious renewal didn’t reach England until over a century later, which was partly because of corruption. During this period when England was behind the times, world connoisseurs such as Geoffrey Chaucer gradually brought the development into the country. Such is evident in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, where Renaissance-like characters on a holy pilgrimage take part in a story telling competition. Many of the pilgrims are part of the clergy and mimic the essence of the modern times by†¦show more content†¦The Monk in The Canterbury Tales is very contradictory to this common view. The man refutes his quiet reserved code to explore the modern world for answers. As opposed to taking care of normal duties he hunts and rides horses, which is against the code. The Monk ignores these rules. Chaucer asserts, He did not rate that text at a plucked hen(Chaucer 106). Chaucer is emphasizing in the prior line how the sacred texts the monk swore to live by are meaningless to him. Reasoning behind the Monk’s repulsion of the rules is because the rules are against what he is passionate about. Acosta agrees the clergyman may desire his title however does not favor the life of a monk, and in order to be a genuine monk he must quit hunting and begin the tasks of ordinary monks. Clerics like the Nun and the Monk initiate the questionable sanctity of Catholicism. Malfeasance further disgraces the face of the Church in the personalities of the Friar and the infamous Pardoner. A red light flashes when questioning the authenticity of the Friar. He is distinguished as a festive, merry man who drinks excessively and carouses with several women. He is very money conscious, an excellent beggar, and despises associating himself with the poor or unfortunate. The Friar’s integrity is questioned also by Gower, who writes, â€Å"Many are friars in name but few by rights. As some say, Falseness is their prophet. Their cloaks appearance is poor, but their money boxShow MoreRelated The Canterbury Tales - Corruption in the Church Essay629 Words   |  3 PagesThe Canterbury Tales - Corruption in the Church Chaucer lived in a time dictated by religion and religious ideas in which he uses The Canterbury Tales to show some of his views. Religion played a significant role in fourteenth-century England and also in Chaucer’s writing. His ideas of the Church are first seen in â€Å"The Prologue,† and he uses seven religious persons to show the influence of the religion in his writing. Although many of his characters appear to portray part of the corruption in theRead MoreEssay on Chaucers The Canterbury Tales927 Words   |  4 PagesChaucers The Canterbury Tales In The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer comments on moral corruption within the Roman Catholic Church. He criticizes many high-ranking members of the Church and describes a lack of morality in medieval society; yet in the â€Å"Retraction,† Chaucer recants much of his work and pledges to be true to Christianity. Seemingly opposite views exist within the â€Å"Retraction† and The Canterbury Tales. However, this contradiction does not weaken Chaucer’s social commentary.Read MoreMoral In The Canterbury Tales1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales have an ultimate lesson at the end, just as every other literary work does. In some of them, he simply states what it is, or some may have to be inferred. During the time, many social and historical events were taking place, and in some instances, Chaucer chose to base the moral around it. While reading The Canterbury Tales, the audience gets entertainment and a basic knowledge of what life what like through the lessons he presents. All of the tales moralsRead MoreFrame Characteristics In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses frame narratives to incorporate the many stories of pilgrims. The author, Geoffrey Chaucer, also known as the â€Å"Father of English Literature,† writes these little stories to mirror his inquisitive language and use of cunning and satirical passion. The tale takes place in the fourteenth century where the wealthy Catholic Church dominates the political scene of Engla nd. This story describes twenty-nine individuals who are going on a pilgrimage to Canterbury withRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreEssay on Chaucers: The Pardoners Corruption Tale866 Words   |  4 Pages Written in the fourteenth century by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales bursts its way into the literary world, and quickly made its mark as one of the early English masterpieces. Its poetic verses often disguised the disdain that Chaucer possessed for the hypocritical behaviors that were (and in many ways still are) present with the religious leaders. Throughout this lyrical writing, Chaucer tackles the opulent monk, the corrupt friar, and the flirtatious nun. However, the Pardoner is oneRead MoreCanterbury Tales And Beowulf Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesof Beowulf and The Canterbury Tales are two that have been compared for centuries. Based in two different time periods, both novels describe religion, loyalty, and distinguish social classes through characters. In the novel Beowulf, the character Beowulf is known as the â€Å"hero of all heroes,† strong, courageous, and a warrior who is willing to risk his life for his ideals. In The Canterbury Tales, there are twenty- four tales describing characters from a knight to a monk’s tale. As the stories areRead MoreExamples Of Corruption In Canterbury Tales1035 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the medieval times corruption in the Catholic Church was prevalent. As corruption was prevalent during Chaucer’s time so was a Pardoner’s practice of selling indulgences, becoming one of deception and greed. Similar to the upper class focusing their time on becoming the richest and most powerful. In many of Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer would use satire to criticize different social classes. For example, the middle class, those people who worked for their possessions. HeRead MoreThe Use Of Satire In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1406 Words   |  6 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, using his characters as the mouthpiece for his iconoclastic views. Chaucer had serious issues with the hypocrisy of the church as well as, many other sacred instit utions. The only reason that Chaucer was not exiled or even imprisoned for his views is the way in which he exposed them. Through the allegorical meanings of this text and Chaucer’s claim that he is simply retelling the events of his pilgrimage to Canterbury as it occurred, Chaucer is savedRead MoreThe Wife of Bath from Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay592 Words   |  3 PagesChaucers Canterbury Tales In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales is presented during a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral. The pilgrims on the journey are from divergent economic and social backgrounds but they have all amalgamated to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas. Chaucer uses each pilgrim to tell a tale which portrays an arduous medieval society. The values, morals and social structures of the society can be examined through the fictitious tales, unravelling

Mental illness - 1262 Words

Mental Illnesses in the play Proof by David Auburn Proof written by David Auburn goes through the life of an esteemed mathematician plagued by mental illness. In the beginning of the play Proof we are introduced to a professor at a local Chicago College named Robert. We first are introduced to Robert through a delusion of Catherine’s, another main protagonist of David auburns play. Auburn shows Robert’s genius and madness at various stages throughout the play. Auburn goes on throughout his play to exemplify the impact mental illness has on everyday family life. David Auburn introduces his two protagonist, Catherine and Robert through a delusion of Catherine’s late one night. We learn that Robert is a prestiged mathematician who†¦show more content†¦Catherine goes on and explains to Hal that Robert’s work has no connections to mathematical greatness, but to the same level as a â€Å"monkey at a typewriter.†( Auburn 15). When Hal says he is â€Å" prepared to look at every page.† (Auburn 15), Catherine says â€Å" no. I’m not crazy†(Auburn 15). This is significant because we as readers question if Catherine is really saying that to Hal or trying to convince herself that she isn’t crazy. We get an idea that Catherine is crazy to. As Robert’s struggle with schizophrenia continues he starts to exemplify some bizarre habits. We aren’t introduced to Robert’s true madness until Catherine comes home from college to visit him. We get the image of a man sitting outside on a cold Chicago winter night without a jacket complaining that the excruciating heat inside the house. We aren’t told specifically that Robert has schizophrenia but we are lead to believe that he is suffering from it. â€Å"Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected people throughout history†(Schizophrenia). Schizophrenia impacts about 1% of the United Stated Population. Even though schizophrenia isn’t common it still impacts millions of peoples lives each year. Robert exemplifies a lot of the same characteristics a patient who is diagnosed with schizophrenia is having. Many people diagnosed with schizophrenia feel that someone or something wants to harm them. They have a very hard time telling whatShow MoreRelatedMental Illness : Mental Health Illness2108 Words   |  9 PagesMerriam-Webster, mental health illness is described as a broad range of medical conditions (such as major depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or panic disorder) that are marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personali ty, mind, or emotions to impair normal psychological functioning and cause noticeable grief or disability and that are usually related with a disruption in standard judgement, feeling, mood, behavior, interpersonal interactions, or daily functioning. Mental healthRead MoreMental Illness1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthe biology of their human brain has malfunctioned. These people have a mental illness. In my paper I will informing you with the biology of a mental illness. The specific information of the biology of a mental illness I will be telling you about is what the biology of a mental illness it, diagnosing a mental illness, and how the biology of mental disorders has affected the world. To understand the biology of a mental illness you need to know what it means or what I am trying to explain to youRead MoreMental Illness : Mental Health Illness1986 Words   |  8 PagesMerriam-Webster, mental health illness is described as a broad range of medical conditions (such as major depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or panic disorder) that are marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, or emotions to impair normal psychological functioning and cause noticeable grief or disability and that are usually related with a disruption in standard judgement, feeling, mood, behavior, interpersonal interactions, or daily functioning. Mental healthRead MoreMental Illness And Mental Health893 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons I wanted to write about mental health is because I do not think is discussed enough and more importantly I do not think it is given the importance it deserves. Mental Health is something you heard now and then, but itâ €™s never actually discussed and it should. When I asked about this topic some people were uncomfortable, others were more open to discussion, but both of these people had something in common: they did not actually had an idea of what is a mental illness or disorder, the people whoRead MoreMental Illness, And Miss Emily Grierson1707 Words   |  7 PagesA long line of Griersons have lived in the town of Jefferson, many of whom displayed signs of mental illness, and Miss Emily Grierson was the last of that line. She finally passes away from sickness unbeknownst to the town. The townspeople attend her funeral â€Å"through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, †¦ [or also] mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.† (ChapterRead MoreMental Illness Of Mental Health1981 Words   |  8 PagesMental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (WHO, 2014). Mental health disorder can be defined as a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other people. Mental health problems include the mental ill health that can be experienced temporarilyRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects1717 Words   |  7 Pages Involuntary psychiatric commitment has been like a pendulum, sometimes in favor as a government policy to treat mental illness, and other times not. Mental illness treatment has been evolving throughout history. Society once believed that mental illness was due to a reversed to an animalistic level of consciousness, possession of demons, a sinful soul, or a chemical imbalance. The medical journal Nature and Genetics, recently reported that, a defect in chromosome number six which has been identifiedRead MoreMental Illness5917 Words   |  24 Pagestruth of mental illness and it has created mental illness as a stigma. The mental illness itself created a fear, by understanding mental illness we can profit a new understanding of mental illness and reduces the stigma out of it. Basically Mental illnesses are medical conditions that disrupt a person s thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning. The goal of this research is to understand what the majority (from respondent) perspective on the mental illness, the aimRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of people that have a severe mental illness are object to challenges in double measure. From one point of view, they wrestle with the symptoms and disablement that result from the illness. From another point, they are tested by the stereotypes and preconceived ideas that stem from the misunderstandings about mental illness. As a culmination of both, people with a mental illness are stripped of the chances that define a quality life such as a good job, safe housing, adequate health careRead MoreAging Parents Of Adults With Serious Mental Illness718 Words   |  3 PagesThe final article I analyzed was titled â€Å"Aging Parents of Adults with Serious Mental Illness† and was written by Jennifer Van Pelt. This article sought to address the type of support parents caring for special needs adult children require as they age. It discussed how pa rents are the primary caregivers to children with a severe mental illness, or SMI, throughout the majority of the child’s life. The amount of care provided to adults with SMI by their aging parents is so substantial that if parental

The Ways to Prevent Influences of Rock Music on Teenagers Free Essays

The subject of rock has been controversial and a source of conflict between parents and children ever since it first appeared on the scene in the mid 1950’s. When Elvis Presley performed on the Ed Sullivan Show for the first time in 1956, the cameras only showed him from the waist up, because adults were offended by the way he shook his hips. The kids loved it! When the Beatles arrived in the mid 1960’s, parents were shocked again this time by the mop-top haircuts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ways to Prevent Influences of Rock Music on Teenagers or any similar topic only for you Order Now But young people were swept away by the infectious enthusiasm of their music. After the Beatles, more shocks were in store as groups like the Rolling Stones and the Animals popularized a more coarse, gritty, and vulgar style of blues-influenced rock. Rock and Roll has a major impact on our society and the way people acted. Early on the issues of cars, school, dating, and clothing, and the famous artists or bands that are singing them could really influence the minds of young kids. A lot of the songs would also talk about events or conflicts that people listening could relate too. Topics such as sex and drugs that were pretty much unacceptable in the 1950s were starting to be in songs in the 1960s and 1970s, and now today rock artists such as Marilyn Manson sings about everything. Eventhough rock music is one of the arts that promotes creativity and expression, it still has negative effects on our society today, especially among teenagers. The first effect that we can see are rock music is a genre of music that uses guitar, drum and bass, which contribute to its noisy music. Not only that, the most negative part of rock music is its heavy metallic sound, which unconsciously makes its listeners violent. Rock music can cause a phenomenon called nerve jamming which is similar to hypnosis. Rock music also an often-cited example in this case is that of a sixteen-year-old boy in Texas, U. S. A who was taken into a trance like state while listening to rock song that he became violent and unconsciously murdered his aunt. After hearing the negative effects of the rock music, do we as parents would just sit idly by and continue to let the youth drift with rock music that turned out to have an adverse effect on them? Parents always want the best for their children. Thereby, there are several ways to control and prevent this problem from becoming rampant in our society, especially the youth who always need guidance and advice. The first ways that you can do as a parents to prevent the problem is monitor your children’s music the same way you supervise their use of television, videos, and the Internet. Developmental psychologists and other researchers who study the effect of media on children have found that parents who are involved in all their children’s media choices have a great impact on taming its potentially destructive effects, such as encouraging aggressive behavior and reinforcing negative stereotypes about women and men. Luckily, as parents of young children, you are likely to be involved in buying the tapes or CDs, or borrowing them from the library, so music choices should be easy to monitor. But remember. The monitoring should be done on an ongoing basis. There are other ways you-can maintain control such as stay involved and listen to your child’s music choices with him. If you find something objectionable, clearly explain in specifics why you’re concerned so that he begins to understand that you’re not just being mean and also you have valid reasons and particular values that you’d like him to understand and adopt. Also, don’t make the mistake of dismissing your child to his room to listen in private to music you don’t like: The more privacy he has, the less control and awareness you have. You also must to make sure the rules apply to everyone. One way that young children are often exposed to music that may not be appropriate for their ears is through older siblings (and parents). If you don’t want your 6-year-old listening to music that offends you, you probably don’t want your older kids listening to it, either. Lastly, you can share your favorite selections with your child and make an effort to appreciate his music. Encouraging your child to explore different kinds of music is likely to benefit him in many ways. In fact, our research shows that children whose parents introduce them to, and encourage them to listen to, a variety of music do better in school. Teenagers tend to get their style of dress from musicians that they like. Singers and songwriters have always set the tone for fashion trends. The music and fashion industry have become so intertwined that recording artists are now using their fame to sell their own fashion line of clothing. The rock fashion including black nail polish, waist chains and black makeup fashions are from rock music. For example Sleeveless T-Shirts Rock Band became very popular sense awesome bands like AC / DC, Metallica, Poison, Ratt, Ozzy others made prototypes all the Rage. The band Nirvana brought the Grundge look to the masses in the 90’s. Although this look started out in the city of Seattle, USA, it quickly became a popular fad. Even now in our country, we can see that young children wearing head skin pants, leather jackets, cut rock hair style and so on, where they take advantage of clothing shows how the singer or bands that they like. Follow clothing trends favored artist directly cause teenagers tend to follow the development of the artist. Parents should better monitor and take care of what are their children wearing even where they are, especially the teenagers because this group is more likely to follow changes in fashion and always want up-to-date. Parents can control with a fashion review and selection of children’s clothes when they go out shopping. In other way, although the parents just give children pocket money for the teenagers to buy their stuffs or things that they want parents need to find out what fashion and how clothes and the bought by their teenage children. As a conclusion, rock music seems to be the most controversial but it also has many positive influences that should be taken in to consideration. There are some negatives that come with it, and those should be filtered out by the parents. So, the next time your child wants to listen to a song they like, instead of immediately refusing, listen with both ears. You will learn much of what your child likes and dislikes. You will gain insight into the thinking of your child. You will also learn what to absolutely deny your child. How to cite The Ways to Prevent Influences of Rock Music on Teenagers, Essay examples

Australian Banking Sector An Oligopolistic Market †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Australian Banking Sector An Oligopolistic Market? Answer: Introduction: In economics, the term market signifies a place of interaction for the two types of economic agents, the buyers and the sellers. In other words, a market is the place where the demand and the supply forces, in terms of their inter-dynamics, determine the price and quantity aspects of a particular commodity or service. Type of market prevailing for a product, depends on factors like number of buyers and sellers, the entry exit conditions for economic agents, market power dynamics and others[1]. Based on these influencing factors, markets can be competitive (perfectly competitive being the hypothetical extreme) of imperfectly competitive, like monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly (monopoly being the opposite of perfect competition). The assignment tries to analyze the type of market structure prevailing in the Australian banking industry. For research purposes it takes the article named, Flush and Dominant, Australias Banks Come Under Pressure, written by A. Odysseus Patric k, as reference[2] Storys Essence: The article finds that the Australian banking market, four major players in the supply side categorically rule though having many players, both in the supply side and the demand side. In fact, these four politically supported and immensely influential banks majorly shadow all other banks. These four players are the Westpac Bank, the Commonwealth Bank, the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group and the Australias National Bank. Among them, two banks, the Westpac Corporation and the Commonwealth Bank, especially its CommInsure wing, are worthy of special mention when it comes to the consolidation of market power in the hands of the players in the Australian banking industry[3]. The high concentration of the market power in the hands of these four big banks in the Australian banking market, indicates the presence of a clear oligopolistic structure in the concerned market. These players have been enjoying tremendous control over the banking sector and its pricing and other decisions for a long time and this, according to the article, has given rise to many unfavorable and unfair issues, specially affecting those on the demand side[4]. The four banks tend to work apparently in a cartel construct in the recent times and do pose as a credible threat to the distribution of market power as they have the potential to join hands together and work as a collusive monopolistic unit in the market. The article puts forward the negative side of this oligopolistic construct in the banking industry of the country. Due to the presence of immense market power and substantial political support, most of these big players have been found to misuse their power to fulfill their vested interest of personal profit maximization even if that comes at the costs of sufferings of their clientele[5]. The article puts forward as an example of this misusing of power, the instances of CommInsure, where the unit avoided claims of insurances by deleting medical evidences, unfairly influencing the doctors and other fraudulent activities. Other banks like the Westpac, has also evidences of manipulating their interest rates and claims design according to situations, to benefit monetarily, putting their customers in financial crisis. The banks have also behaved strikingly rudely and unfairly with terminally ill people to get away without paying their medical claims as were previously promised by the banks[6]. All these have given rise to tremendous dissatisfaction among the demand side agents and has become a primary concern of the government of the country as customers are losing confidence over the banking sector of Australia. The government has undertaken several strict vigilance reforms, regulations and punishing steps, while many more reforms are required to bring back the welfare quotient and confidence of the customers on this concerned industry[7]. Economic Analysis of the Situation: The oligopoly market can be distinguished with the help of its inherent characteristic of many buyers and a few sellers, the sellers experiencing strategic interdependence on each other. This implies the strategies and outcomes of one seller in this market highly depend on the decisions of his fellow sellers. The market can have two outcomes: depending upon the situation there can be a price war or there can be formation of a collusive agreement among the participating sellers[8]. Figure 1 : Oligopoly Market (Source: As created by Author) Due to the presence of the kinked demand curve in the oligopolistic, which is in turn a result of non-identical and varying price elasticity, there arises a gap between the cost levels of production and the price charged by the firm for their products. The firms, being only a few, enjoy this advantageous position over the buyers, who, being many in number, creates substantial demand for the product, thereby helping the firm to charge a higher price for their product than that would have been charged in the competitive situation. The outcome becomes even more favorable for the sellers if they come to a cartel agreement, thereby ruling out price wars among them. Together they enjoy higher profits and higher market power provided they do not cheat, which is inherent characteristic of an oligopolistic cartel. The current situation of the Australian banking market can be indentified with this construct[9]. However, if the firms join hands to become a monopolistic working together, their cost and price gap can increase even more as is shown in the diagram below: Figure 2: Long run in the Monopoly Market (Source: As created by the author) In the monopoly market, due to the presence of the aggravated cost-price gap, in the long run also the firm enjoys economic profit. This can be a potential threat for the buyers in the banking market of Australia if the four big player join hands for a monopolistic construct. Recommendations: To rule out the problems faced by the consumers in the Australian banking industry and to prevent any other future threats of consolidation and misuse of market power to substantial extent by any of the participating agents, a stricter and regulatory environment has to be set up by the governing authorities of the country. This should incorporate unbiased vigilance and actions in case of defaulting by any of the players. New players should also be encouraged and provided with sufficient securities in face of the competition they will face from the big ones[10]. Conclusion: In presence of market imperfections and asymmetric information structure, the party with lack of information is bound to suffer. This makes free market condition more desirable. However, in absence of free markets, proper reform, regulations, restrictions and unbiased governance of a market can help in proper distribution of market power and welfare of the participating agents, thereby making the market more equitable. The Australian banking industry can also incorporate the above mentioned reforms to make the situation better for the buyer group. References Allen, David E., and Robert Powell. "The fluctuating default risk of Australian banks."Australian Journal of Management37.2 (2012): 297-325. Feng, Yuan, Baochun Li, and Bo Li. "Price competition in an oligopoly market with multiple iaas cloud providers."IEEE Transactions on Computers63.1 (2014): 59-73. Kavurmacioglu, Emir.Oligopolies in private spectrum commons: analysis and regulatory implications. Diss. Boston University, 2016. Maine, Bob. "The relentless pursuit of bank profits."Green Left Weekly1120 (2016): 2. Marshall, Robert C., and Leslie M. Marx.The economics of collusion: Cartels and bidding rings. Mit Press, 2012. Nytimes.com A, 'Flush And Dominant, AustraliaS Banks Come Under Pressure' (Nytimes.com, 2017) https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/15/business/dealbook/australia-banks-under-pressure.html?mcubz=1 accessed 29 August 2017 Rios, Manuel C., Campbell R. McConnell, and Stanley L. Brue.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill, 2013. Tyers, Rod. "Service Oligopolies and Australia's Economy?Wide Performance."Australian Economic Review48.4 (2015): 333-356 [1] Rios, Manuel C., Campbell R. McConnell, and Stanley L. Brue.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill, 2013. [2] A. Nytimes.com, 'Flush And Dominant, AustraliaS Banks Come Under Pressure' (Nytimes.com, 2017) https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/15/business/dealbook/australia-banks-under-pressure.html?mcubz=1 accessed 29 August 2017. [3] Maine, Bob. "The relentless pursuit of bank profits."Green Left Weekly1120 (2016): 2. [4] Allen, David E., and Robert Powell. "The fluctuating default risk of Australian banks."Australian Journal of Management37.2 (2012): 297-325. [5] Maine, Bob. "The relentless pursuit of bank profits."Green Left Weekly1120 (2016): 2. [6] Tyers, Rod. "Service Oligopolies and Australia's Economy?Wide Performance."Australian Economic Review48.4 (2015): 333-356. [7] Kavurmacioglu, Emir.Oligopolies in private spectrum commons: analysis and regulatory implications. Diss. Boston University, 2016. [8] Rios, Manuel C., Campbell R. McConnell, and Stanley L. Brue.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill, 2013. [9] Marshall, Robert C., and Leslie M. Marx.The economics of collusion: Cartels and bidding rings. Mit Press, 2012. [10] Feng, Yuan, Baochun Li, and Bo Li. "Price competition in an oligopoly market with multiple iaas cloud providers."IEEE Transactions on Computers63.1 (2014): 59-73.

Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Essay Example

Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Paper In 1980, patient (plaintiff) James Johnson filed suit against Misericordia Community Hospital alleging medical malpractice. The suit specifically alleged corporate negligence in the appointment of Dr. Lester V. Salinksy (independent member) to the medical staff at Misericordia Community Hospital. During the surgery, Dr. Salinsky severed the femoral artery, resulting in partial paralysis for Johnson (casebriefs. com). Ultimately, Johnson suffered a permanent paralytic condition to his right thigh muscles with resultant atrophy and weakness as well as a loss of function after undergoing hip surgery performed by Dr. Salinsky (Showalter, 2012). Salinsky settled litigation with the plaintiff Johnson before trial, but Misericordia disputed the allegation that the hospital was negligent in the hiring of Salinsky. The issue of significance revealed during the trial of Johnson v. Misericordia Community Hospital is that Salinsky’s qualifications, medical standing and references listed on the application of employment were never verified by Misericordia. During the trial it was revealed that; Dr. Salinsky presented an application for employment with information that included significant misstatements and exclusions that should have been a cause for a denial of appointment to Misericordia’s medical staff. For example, Salinsky failed to answer questions related to his malpractice liability insurance and also failed to mention that his privileges had been suspended, diminished, revoked or not renewed at any hospital. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instead, not only were Salinsky’s requested orthopedic privileges and appointment to the hospital’s medical staff approved; Salinsky was also elevated to the position of Chief of Medical staff shortly after joining the medical staff. Misericordia’s medical staff coordinator, Jane Bekos stated that an examination of Misericordia’s records reflected that at no time was an investigation made by anyone representing Misericordia, of any of the statements recited in Salinsky’s application or employment (Showalter, 2012). This was an oversight on behalf of Misercordia despite the fact that the Salinsky’s application for employment authorized Misericordia to contact his malpractice carriers, past and present, and all the hospitals that he had previously been associated with, for the purpose of obtaining any information bearing on his professional competence, as well as his moral, and ethical qualifications for staff membership State the relevant laws that the case uses. The Doctrine of Corporate Negligence holds health-care facilities, such as hospitals, nursing homes and medical clinics, accountable for the well-being of patients. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence the hospital owes certain â€Å"duties† directly to the patient, which cannot be delegated to the medical staff. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence Misericordia Community Hospital, owes a duty to its patients to refrain from any act which will cause foreseeable harm to others even though the nature of that harm and identity of the harmed person or harmed interest are unknown at the time of the act (westlaw citation). The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Thompson v. Nason Hospital classified the hospital’s duties into four categories. 1) a duty to use reasonable care in the maintenance of safe and adequate facilities and equipment; 2) a duty to select and retain only competent physicians; 3) a duty to oversee all persons who practice medicine within its walls as to patient care; and 4) a duty to formulate, adopt and enforce adequate rules and policies to ensure quality care for the patients. The hospital also failed to adhere to its own bylaw provisions and to the Wisconsin statues related to medical credentialing. The respondeat superior doctrine holds an entity liable for the negligent acts of an employee arising from the course of his or her employment. At the onset of Salinsky’s employment he was an independent contractor. Hence, Johnson is not claiming Misercoridia vicariously liable for the negligence of Salinsky under respondeant superior. Salinsky would have had to be an employee of Misercordia for the respondeant superior doctrine to hold up throughout a court trial. Globally the Corporate Negligence Doctrine means that hospitals are no longer immune from tort liability when a case of negligence is brought to court. The hospital duty is owed directly to the patient. Hospitals who wish to avoid liability in cases such as Johnson v. Misercordia Community Hospital should ensure that the organization has an established and functioning credentialing system. Each application for employment should be verified including the applicant’s prior hospital affiliations and malpractice carriers. There should also be an established procedure utilized to approve medical privileges to the hospital and elevation to other positions in the hospital. The appointment and approval of medical privileges should also be approved by the governing board or executive committee after the credentials of the applicant have been verified. The adoption of corporate liability (negligence) has been linked to the rising number of medical malpractice claims, the ever increasing cost of healthcare (particularly in the United States) and also the issues related to obtaining and maintaining medical malpractice coverage for health care providers and entities. References Personal Injury and Corporate Negligence. (n. d. ). The Law Offices of Stephen R Bough. Retrieved March 15, 2014, from http://www. boughlawfirm. com/articles/personal-injury-corporate-negligence JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. (n. d. ). JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. Retrieved March 14, 2014, from http://www. leagle. com/decision/198180799Wis2d708_1746. xml/JOHNSON%20v. %20MISERICORDIA%20COMMUNITY%20HOSP. ’ Showalter, J. S. (2012). Liability of the Healthcare Institution. The law of healthcare administration (6th ed. , pp. 157-190). Chicago, Ill. : Health Administration Press.

Crossing Over With John Edward essays

Crossing Over With John Edward essays  ¡Crossing Over With John Edwards ¡ was something new to me, so I was not expecting anything in particular when we watched it in class. I decided to keep an open mind, in spite of the prevailing opinions from my classmates. While I was watching the video clips, a lot of thoughts ran through my mind, and the validity of the show was one of them...or lack thereof. As a Christian and a person who has had someone close to me pass away, I feel like John Edwards is manipulating these vulnerable people to make an interesting television show. When my grandfather passed away, I was stricken with grief because I was very attached to him. However, because of my strong religious convictions, I was convinced that he died and went to heaven. He was not crossing over or talking to people on earth because that is simply not what you do in heaven, in my opinion. Of course, what John Edwards is doing may be believable to some, but for those who stand by their principles, his  ¡Ã‚ °gift ¡ seems to act as a barrier for people getting over a loss. I think it is unhealthy for people to dwell on a loss, much less gain false hope from someone who believes he can talk and communicate with the dead that have  ¡Ã‚ °crossed over. ¡ When people think they are talking to someone close who has passed away, it gets in the way of their grieving and prolongs the suffering that will ensue. My grandfather has been dead for two years now, and this show, as believable as it may seem, feels like it is diminishing the memory of people who have passed away. It is a little insulting that death can be taken so frivolously. That may not be the intention of the show, but that is the impression I got from watching it. John Edwards matches a few general details and suddenly he is talking to dead people who are trying to communicate with him. John Edwards is no doubt a talented man. However, I do not believe he has the talent of com...

HUMAN RESOURCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUMAN RESOURCE - Essay Example It is far too easy to hide discriminatory practices when subjective measures are used. Affirmative action was certainly needed to right the wrongs committed prior to the Civil Rights Era. Quotas, set-asides, and racial balance can only be justified in this context. In the wake of the Jim Crow Era, the American people did not have the patience to let racism die a slow death over several generations. Allowing subtle forms of racism to persist may have prolonged discriminatory practices indefinitely. While there are still people that maintain bigoted ways of thinking, I think we have come to a point were affirmative action does more harm than good. However, the only way to know for sure would be to end affirmative action and to monitor the consequences. It is perhaps for this reason that the Supreme Court has chosen to err on the side of caution and allow some affirmative action policies to be maintained for at least the next 25 years. The blatant use of quotas has been struck down, but this hasnt protected corporations and institutions from lawsuits. Just as the prohibition of discrimination has resulted in more subtle forms of discrimination, the prohibition of quotas has resulted in more subtle forms of affirmative action. Quotas will not go away until racial imbalance cannot be used as evidence of discrimination. The problem with quotas is that racial imbalance is not just the product of discrimination. There are other confounding variables aside from race. It has become apparent that socioeconomic status is a better predictor of academic aptitude. Although there are correlations between socioeconomic status and race, it is not right to perpetuate a system where performance is not rewarded. The initial effect of affirmative action was to challenge bigoted ways of thinking. Now that those deeply ingrained beliefs have been challenged and adjusted to reality, the persistence

International Port Security. (Freight, shippment studies) Essay

International Port Security. (Freight, shippment studies) - Essay Example The piracy and the armed robbery of ships belong to such crimes at sea. Last years the international terrorism has left the national frameworks and has turned into a problem of a world scale, becoming one of the most dangerous and unpredictable criminal actions. Sea objects often become the targets of terrorist organizations for putting pressure upon the governments of various countries. Though in the issue these actions do not lead to achievement of results desirable by terrorists, all of them involve people's sufferings, and even worst human victims, and cause a significant material damage. Piracy is unlawful actions against navigation in the waters outside of national jurisdiction of this or that country. It belongs to one of the most ancient threats to the vital interests of the states, representing now real danger to navigation and, first of all, to the rights of each person to life, to freedom, and to inviolability. Modern piracy is a child of criminal organizations. Some kind of trans-national corporations, which are engaged in traffic of drugs, weapon, contraband, now come into operation on the sea. The first one of their revenues is a piracy in traditional sense of the word. The second and, perhaps, more essential is the fulfilment of orders of big business. It is generally known that monopolies wage cruel war with each other. And frequently monopolists in order to overcome the competitor, to get ahead of it, to make it weaker by causing some material damage recourse to services of pirates. Making illegal actions, criminals not only abduct some material values, but also use power that cause damage to people's health and even murders. Actions of terrorists, which aspire to reach their purposes, at the expense of life of harmless people are similar.In order to have a possibility to struggle the terrorist and pirates attacks and to ensure secure maritime operations both at the sea and ashore it has been worked out the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code. Let us make analysis of the Code and its implementation.ISPS Code and its ImplementationWhat is ISPS Code From the beginning of the 1980s the problem of safety at sea has become a subject of constant attention of the international governmental and nongovernmental organizations. As it was mentioned above the only way to get a result in the battle with various unlawful acts at sea is to combine the efforts of both governmental and nongovernmental organizations of all states. First of all let us consider overview of the notification obligations of ISPs and network operators in selected EU countries made by Patrick Camerer Cuss (2007). He provided the analysis of Security breaches in different EU countries.The UK When must you disclose To whom must you disclose Does National Law state what "appropriate Security Measures" are Response of the Member State to the Commission's Proposal When "there remains a significant risk to the security of the public electronic communications service". Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations Guidance

Research papper about photographer Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Papper about photographer - Research Paper Example They cumulative effects of Araki’s images are great. Araki establishes the notion that everything strictly Japanese, by design, prohibits outsiders from participation. Japan has been, in the western perception, the very replica of the other even though it remains vague to what level this repeal is true (Sharp 23). Araki’s art should, in reality, fall in this group of the other for people now that the photographer hardly ever leaves Japan, that he did not go to a western university and that he strictly speaks Japanese (Searle 1). However, his works attain exactly the opposite effect. Westerners gain the adamant feeling that these images are addressed to them - not in the logic that they are reflections of western traditions or images - like the travesties of western cinema and art found in the parodies of the Japanese picture taker Morimura - but because they function in line with the rules established in western â€Å"modernist† discourse. This paper will dwell o n this photographer and give a brief biography of his life, as well as his works. Biography Nobuyoshi Araki was born on 25th May, 1940, in Tokyo, Japan. He studied cinematography in his college days and, after graduating, went to work at Dentsu, a Tokyo-based advertising company, where he met essayist Yoko Araki, who become his future wife. Araki was only 32 years when he quit his job at the advertising agency and, after that, his works remained nearly unrecognized in the Western world (Design Autopsy 1). Of the over 70 brochures and books that published his images, produced in Japan those days, none of them were available in America and even Europe. His initial solo show outside Japan was in 1992, in Graz, and then subsequently started appearing in Germany, Austria, Holland, Switzerland, Scandinavia and Scotland. This was from 1992 to 199 (Design Autopsy 1). The years were considered a success story for the photographer who was barely known outside his nation. However, he was not t he normal artist, who is introverted, painstaking or regional, unfairly neglected by the chaotic exhibition scene (Design Autopsy 1). Araki had long before become a star in Japan’s media and a person always bounded by an entourage just like the king of pop, Michael Jackson. Araki was a tough person, a classy maverick and an artist acknowledged for particular eroticisms albeit for extremely different images. Having transformed through the countless rumors and the astounding tales connected to his name, an observer is attracted to such comparisons(Searle 1)As hard as it is to imagine Araki the artist and the photographer, the objective of tracing the genesis of his ads and deciding the actual objective is not less elusive (Design Autopsy 1). Araki’s images are full of explicit sexual characters and also heavy sexual metaphors. However, the explicitness in Araki’s photos is not â€Å"hot† as the way as it is exhibited in the sex industry (Sharp 45). His meta phors also forge connections to many other, likewise corporeal images - interiors and cityscapes, which are normally devoid of individuals and have a figurative passion of their own (Searle 1). Araki draws from a vast store of pictures, which are extended endlessly – images that have neither titles nor dates – and eventually circles around a diminutive core of normally recurring

Wuthering Heights: Questions and Answers

Wuthering Heights: Questions and Answers Mr. Lockwood remembered he was sleeping on a wooden bed and the wind and tree branches were hitting the window. He was so upset by the noise, while, in a dream, got up and tried to open the window. He failed, because seems the window was welded, and then broke the glass with his fist and pulled his hand to remove the annoying branch, but instead of the branch he felt a small icy hand, touching him. He was terrified, and wanted to remove his arm, but the little hand grabbed him while he begged her to let him go, Mr. Lockwood asked him who she was and she replied: Catherine Linton, she said she got lost and she was back home now. He did not know why he remembered the name Linton, although he had read twenty times the surname Earnshaw. He looked and saw the face of a girl through the window. He was horrified, trying to get rid of the girl, she was grabbing his fists against the glass, until the glass cut his fists and the blood came and soaked the sheets, she kept moaning, Let me in,. Mr. Lockwood was completely terrorized. He asked her to let him go, the ghost of Catherine eased the pressure. He put his hand inside through the gap of broken glass; He tried to put books in the whole of the broken glass, and covered his ears, avoiding to listen the painful plea. He waited some time, maybe fifteen minutes, but once again he heard the same plea. Go away! Mr. Lockwood told Catherine. Catherines ghost seemed to enter and push the books, the scream terrified. That scream was not a dreaming. Steps approached the door of the bedroom. Someone opened the door, Mr. Lockwood sat in his bed, sweating, trembling terrified. Make some predictions: Heathcliff next begs Cathy to come to him once more. Who do you think this older Cathy might have been? Why might she be haunting Wuthering Heights? I think Heathcliff was in love with this older Cathy; she must passed away and left him alone in pain with his love. Chapter Four: Mrs. Dean explains the relationships between the various characters so far. Refer to the Family Tree that you created for the Character Activity; it shows a near-incestuous series of intermarriages. Choose the letter of the correct completion for each sentence below: Heathcliff is Hareton Earnshaws i. Father ii. Uncle iii. Father-in-law iv. Step-brother Catherine Linton is Heathcliffs i. Daughter ii. Foster sister iii. Wife iv. Daughter-in-law Hareton is Catherine Lintons i. Step-brother ii. Brother iii. Cousin iv. No relation We now have two narrators for the novel. Although the novel is told through a first person point-of-view, Brontes strategy results in more omniscience than we might normally expect. Explain. Choose the correct explanation for Heathcliffs arrival in the Earnshaw family: Mr. Earnshaw went to Liverpool on a business trip and brought a gypsy boy home with him. Mrs. Earnshaw objected strenuously, but her husband insisted that they name the boy after their dead son, Heathcliff, and that they raise him as their own. Both Cathy and Hindley hated the little stranger and bullied him well into his teens. Mr. Earnshaw returned from a business trip with a black peasant boy that he had rescued from the city streets. Named Heathcliff, he proved to be a quiet, uncomplaining child, even when ill. Nelly Dean was his only ally, however, as no one else in the family would have anything to do with him. Hindley beat Heathcliff every chance he got, and Catherine left him on the stairs rather than permit him a bed in the house. Mr. Earnshaw went to Liverpool on business, and brought a ragged, dark child home with him. Heathcliff, as he came to be named, became Mr. Earnshaws favorite, over his own two children, which caused Hindley, the eldest, to hate the newcomer. The rivalry between Hindley and Heathcliff sometimes turned violent. Chapter Five: Identify two Gothic elements of the novel from the first five chapters. Bad weather accompanies unpleasant events. Lockwood meets Catherines ghost during an unseasonable and unexpected snowstorm, Mr. Earnshaw dies while a high wind blustered round the house and roared in the chimney, and Heathcliff runs away while a storm came rattling over the Heights in full fury What is the main event of this chapter? Mr. Earnshaw started to get sicker and his character was getting worse, and more and more he preferred to Heathcliff over his own son, the relationship between his son and Heathcliff got worse by the day. Mr. Earnshaw protected more Heathcliff than Hindley, until finally he sent his son away from Wuthering Heights, Mr. Earnshaw finally died one night in the company of old Cathy. Chapter Six: Chapter 6 employs a time-honoured strategy for throwing together potential lovers: the lady becomes ill or injured and cannot leave the gentlemans home for a protracted length of time. Explain why Catherine went to the Lintons in the first place and describe the event that led to her remaining at Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff and Cathy went to spy on the Lintons family just to get away from Hindley, but the dogs found them and got Cathy from her leg, she was hurt and was asked to stay at the Lintons while Heathcliff was asked to leave. She stayed at Thrushcross Grange five weeks until her ankle was complete cure. She came different, was not a savage anymore instead was a pretty lady now. Heathcliff isnt invited to stay because he is so ragged and dirty. He was not always this way. Why is he no longer Catherines equal? Because his protector Mr. Earnshaw died and since he didnt have anyone to take care of him and Hindley hated him, Heathcliff was reduced to be a servant and to do more work, Hindley did not let him live as part of the family anymore. Chapter Seven: Nelly Dean finds fault with Heathcliffs face. What advice does she give him to improve its expression of a vicious cur? Nelly Dean recommended Heathcliff to change his attitude and try to learn to smooth away the surly wrinkles, to raise his frankly, and to change that expression of an angry dog. Nelly disobeys Hindleys orders and allows Heathcliff to have some of the cakes that are reserved for Catherine and the Lintons, but Heathcliff has no appetite for them. Instead, he is meditating on what subject? Heathcliff is meditating in how Cathy forgot already about him and comparing himself with Edgar Linton, he felt miserable and lonely. Chapter Eight: Hindleys son, Hareton, is born, but his beloved wife dies. First, describe Hindleys reaction to the death, and next, explain how we know that Hindley can be dangerous. Hindley seems to live his son in the beginning however he started drinking too much, losing control of his acts and one day he tried to kill his own son dropping him from upstairs when Heathcliff unintentionally saved him. Hindley was violent and willing to hurt anyone when was drunk, It was definitely no save at all for anyone of the house to be with him. Catherine reveals her unpleasant side. What two things does she do? Cathering ordered Edgar to stop crying because his brother was coming, after Heathcliff threw a tureen of hot apple sauce in Edgars face and neck. And was very rude to Isabella being sarcastic, asking her if anyone hurt her, because Isabella was crying after the unpleasant incident between Heathcliff and his brother Edgar Linton.

How Elizabeth Gaskell Manipulates the Readers Feelings in The Half Brot

How Elizabeth Gaskell Manipulates the Readers Feelings in The Half Brothers 'The Half-Brothers" is a story written in the mid-1900's by a middle-class Victorian writer called Elizabeth Gaskell. She has a strong moral interest in the difficulties of poor people who lived in abject poverty. This is what inspired her to write stories such as "The Half-Brothers". Some of her characters in this short story are described in such a way as to provoke sympathy and admiration for them from the reader. However other characters have much more depth to them and are more complicated. The suspense she creates in the particularly dramatic episode set in the Fells in the north of England also manipulates the reader's feelings. The first character we are introduced to is Helen- the narrator's mother. She is a very sympathetic character. Almost immediately the writer starts to gain our pity for Helen. She was so young when she was first married- "scarcely seventeen" in fact, and her husband was barely "one and twenty". Both of these emphasises how very young they were when they entered into such a great commitment of marriage. Things did not go well for her from the start. The small farm they rented only brought them into more debt but she defended her first husband by saying "perhaps he was too young and inexperienced". No blame is put on anyone for what ahs happened and this helps to show Helen's peaceful character. A few sentences in to the story Gaskell includes an extremely long sentence that spans over about 11 lines. This elicits the reader's pity for Helen by giving us a sense that all her problems are accumulating. Helen becomes a widow very early- "a young widow of 20" is how she is described. This tautology em... ...is life if sleep does successfully 'steal' over him. A tautology 'deadly fatal' is once again used to emphasise how grave the situation has become. They have run out of ideas of how to be saved their 'only' chance is in Lassie. The suspense then ends at what seems to be a blackout. We find out about Gregory's death a few lines later with "a look passed from one to another." I felt Elizabeth Gaskell manipulated my feelings very well in a wide variety of ways. I thought Helen and Gregory were the type of people who we would like to aspire to. I had a lot of mixed feelings towards Preston, as he was very a complicated character. I thought his character was described very well but also very originally. However, I cannot come to a conclusion on how I feel towards him. I thought the fells episode was quite exciting and suspense was built up very well in it.

Joomla File Upload Plugin

File  Upload  Plugin  user  manual Thank  you  for  downloading  and  use  the  file  upload  plugin  for  Joomla! ,  the  usage  of  this  extensions  is  so  simple,  you   only  need  to  activate  the  plugin  in  the  backend  and  then  open  one  published  article  and  type  at  the  bottom  {upload}   (this  especial  word  can  be  changed  in  the  plugin  parameters  for  compatibility  with  other  possible  extensions). Once  you  or  your  users  are  logued  in  the  public  front ­end  the  input  field  turn  to  visible,  if  not,  Ã‚  a  nice  message  invite   your  guest  to  register. Fig  1. If  the  user  is  a  guest  only  view  a  styled  messageFig  2. Once  the  users  are  logued  the  plugin  works  with  the  file  manager  activa te This  are  the  mandatory  steps,  later  you  can  change  many  parameters  in  the  back ­end,  this  parameters  are  explained  now: Fig  3. The  general  settings †¢ †¢ At  the  first  time  we  can  hide  or  show  the  bbcode  {upload}  when  the  plugin  are  deactivated. We  can  enable  the  mailing  system  to  notify  the  administrator  in  every  new  file  uploaded,  if  this  system  is   enabled  since  version  1. 6. 1  we  can  add  a  new  email  address  and  decide  if  the  message  are  in  html  or  text/plain   format.The  bbcode  word  by  default  {upload}  can  change  by  others,  perhaps  this  bbcode  crash  with  other  plugins,  if  so,   change  this  word  by  anyone. When  the  system  try  to  create  the  needed  str ucture  folder  you  can  decide  the  permissions  by  default  0777. The  size  of  the  input  field. The  button  value The  class  of  the  button,  by  default  Ã¢â‚¬Å"button†,  this  is  the  default  class  in  joomla! But  you  can  change  to  other. Equal  to  button  class  but  now  for  the  input  field The  maxlenght  permitted  in  the  input  field The  allowed  mime ­types,  you  can  type  as  many  as  you  want  separated  by  commas,  the  system  compare  this  list

buy custom Impact of Cultural Factors on E-governance in Saudi Arabia essay

buy custom Impact of Cultural Factors on E-governance in Saudi Arabia essay In the advent of information technology, E-governance has emerged as means in which Governments inform the citizens on national matters as well as issue directives. This is well documented in various government websites belonging to different government agencies. However progress on E-governance is subject to strong influence by cultural factors. This study is going to elucidate the cultural influence on E-governance based on Hofstedes framework whose parameters include power distance, masculinity, individualism, long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance. Justification for the Study Economic factors such as infrastructure, human capital, propensity to trade, income level and economic growth strongly influence the infiltration and rate of IT application by the masses. However the rate of IT application is also influenced by cultural factors as provided for in Hofstedes framework. Ample evidence has shown discrepancies in the rate of IT application for developed countries with advanced, successful economies. This proves that aside economic factors, cultural factors are also at play in influencing the rate of embracing IT and this has far reaching effects on e-governance. Saudi Arabia is a model country where strong Islamic values define the national culture. There is need to assess the impact of the Saudi national culture on E-governance. Research Model and Hypotheses In accordance to Hofstedes framework, five hypotheses have been formulated to infer the correlation of e-governance readiness and national cultural values in Saudi Arabia. 1.Power Distance This power distance parmeter is defined as the inequality of power distribution in a nation. In Saudi Arabia, power is centralized in the monarchy type of government. The King doubles up as the Prime Minister and all judicial, legislative and executive roles rest with the monarch. Common state law is largely as a result of presidential decree. In such a society that is characterized by a high power distance, citizens are less innovative and the society is less amenable to embracing change and making progress. Citizens lack the free will to undertake new applications outside the dictated norms . This is well exhibited by a government directive to ban the usage of iphones in Saudi institutions and security centers as they were deemed a threat to security. Citizens are less likely to take up e-government initiatives willingly. Hypothesis E-government readiness is low in Saudi Arabia as a result of the countrys high power distance 2.Masculinity The Saudi society and the rest of the Arab world is a masculine culture and it features values such competition, lays emphasis on material wealth and is largely oriented towards performance. This is at the expense of feminine cultural values such as equality and consensus seeking. Masculine cultures are more likely to embrace technology as a means of fostering economic growth as compared to feminine cultures. Consequently Saudi Arabia is an IT hub which serves as an important trade centre of various IT gadgets. The masses are more IT savvy and can utile various IT applications including E-governance. Hypothesis E-government readiness is high in Saudi Arabia as a result of the nations masculine cultuure. 3.Individualism Strong Islam values contribute to the closely knit Saudi nation where individuals conform to the community values. Conversely an individualistic nation is characterized by autonomous individuals who independently carry on with their lives outside the confines of societal norms. E-government readiness is high in individualistic societies as people apply IT to suit their individual needs and are less reliant on community biases as pertains to IT. Hence an individualistic nation is more receptive of government e-services. Hypothesis E-government readiness in Saudi Arabia is low due to its low individualism factor. 4.Long Term Orientation (LTO) This parameter concerns the value a culture lays on its traditions. The Saudi culture has a high LTO value as its deeply rooted to Islamic traditions. Such a culture holds onto its traditional values and is less likely to embrace changes such as IT and government e-services. Hypothesis E-government readiness in Saudi Arabia is low due to its high LTO value. 5.Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance is the propensity of discomfort towards ambiguity and uncertainty by persons in a society. High uncertainty avoidance is characterized in societies which are closely united and strongly adherent to common cultural values. The Saudi society is a model example of such a country as its cultural values are rooted to deep Islam ideals. This type of society is less likely to embrace changes such as IT and government e-services. Hypothesis E-government readiness in Saudi Arabia is low due to the high level of uncertainty avoidance. Buy custom Impact of Cultural Factors on E-governance in Saudi Arabia essay

The Problem of Ocean Pollution in Modern World

The Problem of Ocean Pollution in Modern World As a concerned member of the community, I am writing to relay my thoughts on a considerable geo-social issue affecting the community. It is of considerable concern how pollution in the ocean has been a major predicament, which is not only affecting the water masses, but people as well. The pollution of the water masses not only inhibits water life, but also affects people’s health as well as other natural resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Ocean Pollution in Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although there are many natural wastes that affect the ocean life, it is evident that people are the principal cause of ocean pollution. Wastes such as toxic matter, plastics, and human wastes are some of the major sources of pollution in the ocean. In addition, chemicals such as bathing lotions, sunscreens, and other chemicals used by humans affect the toxicity level of water, which in t urn affects marine life. Water is the most valuable resource for human beings, as such, it is pertinent for people to protect it. Parent (7) asserts that solid content kills marine life, for instance, fish die due to their consumption of plastics. Up to 90% of foreign bodies, which float in the ocean, consist of plastics. it imposes some danger since it does not break down for a very long period of time (Parent 1). When fish ingest plastics, they are unable to digest it since it cannot be broken down by their stomach chemicals. Eventually, they end up dying out of starvation being unable to find food. Large marine animals are also not exempted. They are affected by chemicals present in plastics and other things abundant in the ocean. Chemicals from plastics in their turn increase global warming, which has been a major issue that affects the ocean causing water to rise in level eventually influencing animals, and humans near the ocean. Many people consume fish as food; when marine li fe is affected by toxic substance in the ocean, they can adversely affect humans to the extent of causing food poisoning, and even deformation of unborn children (Parent 8). Therefore, to save marine animals, it is necessary to conserve the ocean. In order to make this dream a reality, people need to adopt changes starting from their own culture of behavior. These include aspects, such as training themselves to use reusable bags while going for shopping. Furthermore, people should avoid littering garbage and chemicals used in their homes into the ocean. Parent (4) contends that people should be interested in making the ocean pure and not polluted (Parent 1). The government has been a supportive mechanism in this initiative by ensuring they provide litter bins in the surrounding areas near the ocean to enable those at the beach to put litter in the correct place. The community should work hand in hand with the set up organizations that ensure the safety and maintenance of the ocean. The organizations should also set up classes to educate the community on ways to protect the ocean, and the dangers they expose themselves to when they do not take care of it.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I do believe that if every person is to do all the right things in order to ensure the safety and maintenance of the ocean, people would be creating the best environment for themselves and their future generations. Parent, Jason. Ocean Pollution Sources, Effects, and Prevention. 2010. Electronic Print.

How are Meat-Based Recipes Adapted for Vegetarians Research Paper

How are Meat-Based Recipes Adapted for Vegetarians - Research Paper Example However, upon heating, this bond is broken and proteins break down into amino acids and react with other chemicals. The difference in flavors between the original and the adapted recipes for vegetarians is noticeable, which is explained by Maillard reactions in the following way. In the Maillard reactions, the amino acids can come from any proteins and the sugars from any carbohydrates. In the first stage of the reactions, the proteins and carbohydrates are degraded into smaller sugars and amino acids. Next the sugar rings open and the resulting aldehydes and acids react with the amino acids to produce a wide range of chemicals. These new molecules then react amongst themselves to produce the main flavor compounds. Consider the adaptation of the chicken-stock recipe for vegetarians. The most apparent feature of chicken stock is â€Å"the unctuous texture that comes from glycerin, a protein found largely in bones.† The same effect can be achieved by roasting vegetables in olive oil first and then adding water. As oil is not soluble in water, therefore, the oil molecules will appear as droplets on the surface of the vegetable stock, similar to that of chicken stock. Take another example of adapting the recipe of beef-burger for vegetarians. As beef naturally contains fat, therefore, it is easy to shape minced beef into a burger patty. However, minced vegetables must rely on a binding agent like an egg to take the form of a patty. In this case, beaten eggs also act as an alternate source of proteins in the adapted recipe.

Answer the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Answer the question - Essay Example It is therefore important that teachers embrace practical approach to learning through effective research to achieve the solutions to academic challenges and unjustified claims (Nell, 2011) Research findings are subject to temporal changes. This necessitates the construction of a paradigm in which temporal changes in scientific findings are factored into the initial findings to create coherence of knowledge (Nell, 2011).This provides teachers with an alternative to use other researches in the various fields with necessary shifts of paradigms to explicitly foster comprehensive understanding among learners. Essentially, no research proceeds without the influence of an initial course. Earlier researches provide basis to make inferences on current issues with necessary changes. Therefore, paradigms provide effective means through which coherence in research findings is attained without undue criticisms of the initial research. Scientific research is the fundamental driver of scientific progress, inventions, and innovations. It is important to create a smooth transition between research and its implementation. Research in itself is unable to cause the desired academic change without an effective implementation of the findings (Nell, 2011). Application of a theoretical claim in research is necessary whenever adequate research tools are made available. Research in essence provides a means through which theoretical knowledge finds justification. Human minds bear several unresolved doubts about the existence and changes in various aspects of life. It is therefore necessary that the perceptions of learners in a classroom set up be underscored by facts to justify the reality of such

Managerial Accounting Practise in Saudi Organizations Essay

Managerial Accounting Practise in Saudi Organizations - Essay Example The State and Extent of Using Modern Management Accounting Techniques In Particular in Making the Right Decisions Decision making is considered to be an all inclusive and widespread process that consists of various activities such as identification of the problem or the concerns, allocation of certain weights or ranks to the identified problem, evaluation and implementation of the alternative plans. Management accounting on the other hand is related to the appropriate use of relevant information in order to facilitate and direct managers to undertake informed business decisions effectively and efficiently. The most advantageous fact of management accounting practices is that is does not require conforming or following the national accounting standards which further gives a liberty or room for the business people to adopt customized management accounting techniques that are most effective in terms of their business operations. For realizing the affectivity in the decision making proce ss, organizations combine or merge the advanced quantitative and qualitative techniques. According to Johnson, The use of modern management practices has helped in focusing on the problem which inclines more towards how accounting information can be made more useful for decision making rather than how we could improve things we do . The recent developments in the modern management accounting techniques have enabled the managers to make sound decisions so that excessive costs incurred by firms could be pruned down and at the same time, the value of the products and services rendered could be enhanced. The extent to which the management accounting practices have been put into action is tremendous and quite rigorous, especially in the past two decades. Lot many research work and in-depth study in various countries across the world have undertaken to find out the relevance and significance of the modern practices to various sectors in the economy. For instance, in a research conducted b y Philip and Kerckhoffs Christian (2005), the significance of Activity Based Costing (ABC) and throughput accounting (TA) was brought forward and was revealed that MAP’s are more used as accounting tools to â€Å"make-up† the technical insights from an accounting viewpoint. The research indicated the use of working-floor insights and production process data in the formulation of a company’s income statements that are utmost essential for managerial decision making. When most of the countries have already adopted the MAPs, there are countries like Bangladesh which still need to incorporate the changes in the accounting practices. Bidhan has conducted one such study whereby it was found t modern techniques like Activity-Based Costing, Cost-Volume-Profit, Target Costing, and Just-in-Time (JIT) etc were not applied in the public and private sector manufacturing enterprises but used by just a few Multinational Corporations (MNC). (8) Most of the companies in Saudi we re still found to use the conventional and traditional accounting practices. Traditional management accounting techniques are generally perceived by the Saudi manufacturing and service sector firms to be highly important and frequently used by the responding firms. As per Ei-Ebaishi, the managers rely less in comparison to

Human vs. Other Organisms Essay Example for Free

Human vs. Other Organisms Essay Horse3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Donkey3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Common zebra3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Pig, cow, sheep3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Dog3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Gray whale3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Rabbit3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Kangaroo3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Chicken, turkey3: Isoleucine, Valine, Glutamine Penguin4: Isoleucine, Valine, Glutamine, 0 Pekin duck2: Valine, Glutamine Snapping turtle3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Rattlesnake4: Serine, Glycine, Threonine Bullfrog4: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine, Cysteine Tuna4: Alanine, Valine, Glutamine, Asparagine Screwfly fly5: Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Alanine Silkworm moth8: Asparagine, Alanine, Asparagine, Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Alanine, Alanine Tomato horn worm9: Asparagine, Alanine, Aspartic acid, Asparagine, Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Alanine, Alanine Wheat10: Asparagine, Proline, Aspartic acid, Alanine, Alanine, Lysine, Threonine, Alanine, Aspartic acid, Alanine Rice9: Asparagine, Proline, Lysine, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Threonine, Alanine, Aspartic acid Baker’s Yeast11: Serine, Alanine, Lysine, Alanine, Threonine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Arginine, Glutamic acid, Leucine Candida Yeast13: Serine, Alanine, Lysine, Alanine, Threonine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Arginine, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Isoleucine, Alanine Neurospora14: Serine, Lysine, Alanine, Asparagine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Arginine, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Glycine Reflection Questions: Summarize your amino acid comparison in paragraph form. To guide your summary, reflect on the following questions. 1.What does it mean when scientists say that living organisms share a universal genetic code? It means that all extinct organisms have all the same genetic code. 2.How does a universal genetic code relate to the hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth? The near-universal genetic code is that all extant things share some type of common ancestor. 3.How are self-replicating molecules, such as RNA molecules in the â€Å"RNA World† hypothesis, essential to the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth? They reproduce, and could have been formed through abiotic chemistry on the early Earth. 4.How might similarities and differences in genetic codes, or the proteins built as a result of these codes, be used to determine how closely related different species are? The more alike the letters are in a species, the more recent the ancestor was. If the ancestor was recent then the more alike the two different species will be. 5.Based on the amino acid sequence data for the Cytochome-C protein, chimpanzees and humans share an identical coding sequence. What other species identified on the chart has a coding sequence that is most closely related to the humans and chimpanzees and most distantly related? Explain your answer

Treating Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy with Ginger

Treating Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy with Ginger Qi-Cai Liu Tiran, D. (2012). Ginger to reduce nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: Evidence of effectiveness is not the same as proof of safety. Complimentary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 18(1), 22-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.08.007 This article presents a systemic review of the mechanism and safety of using ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). In the article, the author first introduced the history of ginger as a traditional remedy in some eastern countries, then discussed the potential risk of several different forms of ginger that were available in the UK market. After that, the author explored the mechanisms of gingers anti-emetic function. Ginger can inhibit serotonin receptor and suppress vasopressin, as well as reduce tachygastric activity. However, the exact mechanism still remains unclear. The author pointed out that there was no consistency in dosages and forms of ginger among current studies, and the differences between nausea and vomiting was not fully understood. Next, the author discussed the safety of using ginger. The author believed that ginger should be treated as a pharmacological medication rather than a natural remedy. Therefore, it should be administered with safe dosages and be obtained from the correct plant, Zingiber officinale. Following that, the author discussed gingers potential adverse effects, drug-drug interactions, as well as contraindications and precautions. For example, ginger should be contraindicated for women who have a history of miscarriage because anticoagulation is one of its notable side effects. At the end of article, the author offered a contraindications and precautions checklist, which is very useful for health care providers to identify which women should avoid ginger. The limitation of this article is that it did not emphasize gingers therapeutic effects. The strength of this article is the valuable safety checklist. Overall, this article increased the awareness that ginger, although a natural remedy, has side effects and contraindications too. Ozgoli, G., Goli, M. Simbar, M. (2009). Effects of ginger capsules on pregnancy, nausea, and vomiting. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(3), 243-246. doi: 10.1089/acm.2008.0406 This article describes a single blind clinical trial to determine function of ginger on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). 70 pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting before 20 weeks of gestation participated this study. Prior to the treatment with ginger, the baseline levels of nausea and vomiting symptoms were measured via a standard visual analogue scale. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, 35 participants were treated with ginger at a dose of 1000mg/day for 4 days. 35 participants in the control group were treated with a placebo (lactose) with the same dose and prescription form. The treatment effects were measured by asking participants to finish the 4-page questionnaire and record nausea intensity twice a day (3 participants from experimental group failed to complete the questionnaire). A statistically significant decrease in the nausea and vomiting intensity with ginger treatment was rep orted. 85% of women who received the ginger treatment reported an improvement of nausea symptoms, while only 56% reported improvement in the control group. In addition, the vomiting times for the pregnancy are also significantly decreased in the experimental group comparing to control group (50% versus 9%). The materials and methods section was well developed with clear description of experimental design, samples selection, data collection and analysis. The strengths of this article are the rigorous experimental design and large sample size. The limitation of this study, as mentioned by the authors, is the short assessment period. As a result, some ginger adverse effects may not be able to discover. The findings of this study provide some evidence-based information about effects of ginger for NVP. Ensiyeh, J., Sakineh, MC. (2009). Comparing ginger and vitamin B6 for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: A randomised controlled trial. Midwifery, 25(6), 649-653. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2007.10.013 This study conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of vitamin B6 and ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). 70 pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting symptoms before their 17 weeks gestation participated this study. Half of them were randomly selected to receive ginger 1g per day treatment for 4 days. As a control, half of them received vitamin B6 40 mg per day treatment at same time. The nausea intensity was measured via a visual analogue scale during the treatment plus 24 hours before. The vomiting episodes were also recorded in the same period. The treatment responses at a 7-day follow-up were measured via a five-point Likert scale (one participant from control group failed to return to clinic later). Their results showed that both ginger and vitamin B6 treatment could decrease the symptoms of nausea, and ginger worked significantly better than the vitamin (p=0.024). In terms to vomiting episodes, both ginger and vitamin B6 could reduce the frequency of vomiting, and there was no significant difference between them. In the 7-day follow-up visiting, there were 29/35 participants in ginger group and 23/34 participants in vitamin B6 group reported a decrease of nausea reaction (p=0.52). This trial was well designed with large sample size, strict sampling inclusion criteria, and rigor experimental process. The strength of this study is that they measured and compared the long-term effects of ginger and vitamin B6 on the pregnancy outcomes, such as abortion and preterm birth. The limitation of this study is that they changed the participants dietary, which might influence the treatments and outcomes. The findings of this study provide some evidence-based knowledge about the efficiency of ginger and vitamin B6 in the NVP treatment, as well as their long-term effects. Therapy Assessment Nausea and vomiting are the most common unpleasant complications in early pregnancy. There were about 70-80% of women experienced nausea and 50% of them experienced vomiting episodes during their early pregnancy (Ensiyeh Sakineh, 2009). That means there are about 350,000 Canadian women experience nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) every year (Lee Saha, 2011). The pathogenesis of NVP remains unclear. However, it is widely accepted that NVP is correlated to the hormone changes during gestation, such as the human chorionic gonadatropin (hCG), progesterone, and estrogen (Lee Saha, 2011). It was reported that the peak of NVP is positive correlated to hCG peak, and hCG could regulate gastric smooth muscle activity by stimulating placental prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (Lee Saha, 2011). Progesterone also has a function of gastric emptying by decreasing smooth muscle contractility (Lee Saha, 2011). NVP can cause more undesirable consequences for the pregnant women than uncomfortable, such as s ocial interactions, families, and careers (Ozgoli, Goli, Simbar, 2009). About 25% of employed pregnant women have to leave their jobs due to the nausea and vomiting symptoms (Ensiyeh Sakineh, 2009). As a result, it may bring some financial and psychological problem for them, which will further influence the health status of themselves and even their babies (Ozgoli et al., 2009). Most important, nausea and vomiting symptoms can also change dietary and may lead to malnutrition for themselves and their babies. Therefore, it is very important for the women, who are experiencing NVP, to get treatment in time. In terms to the treatments of NVP, there are nonpharmacologic approach and pharmacologic approach (Lee Saha, 2011). The nonpharmacologic approach includes dietary measures, emotional support, acupuncture, and ginger. The pharmacologic approach includes pyridoxin-doxylamine, antiemetics, promotility agents, and antihistamines. The goal of treatment is to release the symptoms and reduce risks for the women and fetus. It has a long history for using ginger as an herbal medicine to treat NVP in some eastern countries, such as China, Japan, and India (Tiran, 2012). Pregnant women in western countries also knew gingers anti-emetic effects for a long time (Tiran, 2012). However, it was until recently, the effects of ginger for NVP were studied in the scientific way (Ensiyeh Sakineh, 2009; Ozgoli et al., 2009). In the Ozgoli et al. study (2009), a single blind clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the ginger for NVP. Their results found that, 1000mg/day ginger treatment could significant decrease nausea symptoms, as well as reduce the frequency of vomiting. In Ensiyeh andSakineh study (2009), a double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the function of ginger and vitamin B6 for NVP. Their results showed that both ginger and vitamin B6 could reduce the vomiting frequency. The ginger was more efficiency on reduce nausea symptoms than vitamin B6, which has a wel l known effects on treating NVP. The strength of these two studies is that they proved the gingers effects on NVP in the scientific way. However, both studies failed to explore the mechanism about how ginger can effectively treat NVP, and one study failed to measure the long-term adverse effects of ginger. These are the weaknesses of these two studies. Based on these research results, I would like to say ginger is an effective alternative therapy for NVP. In the future nursing practice, I would like to recommend pregnant women to take this herbal medicine to treat their NVP symptom. However, as Tiran (2012) suggested, ginger should also be treated like a pharmacological drug. I must be very cautious about its mechanisms, adverse effects, drug/food interactions, and contraindications before making the recommendation. Being familiar with these knowledge will also enable me to educate each pregnant woman why she can or cannot take ginger to treat her NVP. Mechanisms It is well known that ginger is very effective for treating NVP symptoms (Ensiyeh Sakineh, 2009; Ozgoli et al., 2009). However, the mechanism of its anti-emetic effects still remains unclear (Tiran, 2012). What already known are that the three ginger indigents: gingerols, shogaol, and zingiberence, can bind to serotonin (5-HT) receptor and block its function to inhibit nausea and vomiting (Tiran, 2012). The major anti-emetic substance in ginger was thought to be gingerols (Tiran, 2012). In addtition, ginger also was reported that it could reduce nausea and vomiting symptoms through suppressing vasopressin to decrease stomach activity (Tiran, 2012). Except these gastrointestinal tract effects, Tiran (2012) thought ginger might also have some effects on the central nervous system. For example, it has sedative and hypnotic functions. Adverse effects The adverse effects of ginger can be easily ignored by both pregnant women and health care providers due to its natural remedy character (Tiran, 2012). Like other pharmacological medications, ginger also has some adverse effects (Tiran, 2012). First, ginger has side effects on gastrointestinal tract (Tiran, 2012). Ginger can cause stomach irritant and then lead to heartburn, which may due to its weakly cholinergic function (Tiran, 2012). With the same function, ginger also can stimulate the bile secretion (Tiran, 2012). It is also reported that poorly chewed ginger can cause intestinal blockage (Tiran, 2012). Therefore, it is necessary to recommend women to masticate ginger properly if they are prescribed with the dried root ginger (Tiran, 2012). Second, ginger has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. It is reported that ginger can cause hypotension and that is one reason why some women felt dizziness after had the ginger herbal (Tiran, 2012). Ginger can also cause cardiac arrhy thmias, which may due to the interaction with beta receptors (Tiran, 2012). Third, ginger has side effects on the blood. One of its notable side effects is anticoagulant, which increases the risk of bleeding (Tiran, 2012). Beside that, ginger also can lower the blood glucose level, which may increase the risk of hypoglycemia (Tiran, 2012). Fourth, ginger can produce side effects of hot, sweating, constantly thirsty, and looking for cold drinks. These symptoms are caused by its cholinergic function (Tiran, 2012). Last, it needs to keep awareness that the long-term adverse effects of ginger on fetus development are still not fully understood (Tiran, 2012). Drug/food interactions Like other pharmacological medications, ginger also has the interactions with other drugs or food (Tiran, 2012). First, abundant evidences showed that ginger can interact with some prescribed medications, such as beta antagonists, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, as well as other herbs such as gingko balboa (Tiran, 2012). Second, ginger has weakly cholinergic function (Tiran, 2012). Therefore it can have interaction with other cholinergic drugs, including antagonists and agonists. For example, ginger can interact with donepezil, a muscarinic agonist, as both can increase the bile secretion. Third, ginger can interact with other drugs which can increase or decrease blood pressure as ginger can cause hypotension (Tiran, 2012). For example, ginger can reduce the anti-hypotension function of epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist. Fourth, ginger can lower blood glucose level (Tiran, 2012). Therefore it can interact with other drugs which can increase or decrease blood glucose level, such as in sulin and metformin. Fifth, as mentioned previously, ginger has the function of anticoagulant (Tiran, 2012). Therefore, ginger can interact with other anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, such as heparin, warfarin, and aspirin. Last, ginger can cause cardiac arrhythmia (Tiran, 2012). As a result, ginger can interact with other drugs with can cause cardiac arrhythmia too, such as Levodopa. Contraindications As ginger has some adverse effects and drug interactions, it should be contraindicated to the pregnant women who have relevant diseases or are taking the interactive drugs. First, ginger should be contraindicated for the women with certain gastrointestinal tract diseases (Tiran, 2012). Pregnant women with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or heartburn symptom should avoid ginger as it can worsen this symptom by irritating stomach (Tiran, 2012). Pregnant women with a history of gallstones should be contraindicated because ginger can stimulate the secretion of bile (Tiran, 2012). Dried root ginger should not be prescribed to pregnant women who have lower gastrointestinal tract disease, such as duodenal ulcer, as it may cause intestinal blockage (Tiran, 2012). Second, pregnant women with certain cardiovascular diseases should also be contraindicated from ginger (Tiran, 2012). Ginger can cause hypotension (Tiran, 2012), therefore the women who with hypotension symptom or are taking anti-hypertensive drugs to control their blood pressure should not take ginger. Ginger also can cause cardiac arrhythmia (Tiran, 2012). As a result, ginger should not be prescribed to the pregnant women who have cardiac arrhythmia or are taking anti-arrhythmic drugs, such as Na+ and K+ channel blockers. Tiran (2012) even suggested that all the herbal remedies and complementary therapies should be contraindicated for pregnant women who have major cardiac diseases. Third, ginger should be contraindicated for pregnant women with bleeding disorders as it has a function of anticoagulant. Tiran (2012) suggested that any pregnant women who had a history of miscarriage, vaginal bleeding, or clotting disorder should not take ginger. These women who may have a surgery several weeks later also should stop taking ginger at least two weeks before the operation (Tiran, 2012). Fourth, ginger has a function of lower blood glucose (Tiran, 2012). Therefore ginger should be avoided from those women wh o are taking drugs to control their diabetes mellitus, such as insulin and metformin. The women who have hypoglycemia also should also be contraindicated from ginger. Last, ginger has interactions with the benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and gingko biloba (Tiran, 2012). Therefore it should be avoided for the pregnant women who are taking those drugs. Conclusion Ginger is an effective herbal medicine in treating NVP although its mechanism still remains to explore. As a pharmacological medication, ginger has its own adverse effects, drug/food interactions, and contraindications. Ginger is not always safe for every pregnant woman who are experiencing nausea and vomiting symptoms. The women prescribed with ginger should be educated with its adverse effects and its possible interaction with other drugs. In addition, the women, who have certain gastrointestinal tract diseases, certain cardiovascular diseases, bleeding disorders, and hypoglycemia, should also be contraindicated from ginger. Overall, ginger should be treated like a pharmacological medication rather than a natural remedy when being prescribed for NVP treatment. References Ensiyeh, J., Sakineh, MC. (2009). Comparing ginger and vitamin B6 for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: A randomised controlled trial. Midwifery, 25(6), 649-653. Doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2007.10.013 Lee, N., Saha, S. (2011). Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 40(2), 309-334. Doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.009 Ozgoli, G., Goli, M. Simbar, M. (2009). Effects of ginger capsules on pregnancy, nausea, and vomiting. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(3), 243-246. Doi: 10.1089/acm.2008.0406 Tiran, D. (2012). Ginger to reduce nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: Evidence of effectiveness is not the same as proof of safety. Complimentary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 18(1), 22-25. Doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.08.007

A Work of Artifice and You Should Have Been a Boy Essay -- Marge Pierc

A Work of Artifice and You Should Have Been a Boy The word potential can be defined as the sum of abilities and capabilities that are possessed by, and specific to an individual being. In regards to humans we could say that it is all that a person can be and accomplish if encouraged and allowed the freedom to do so. Fulfillment of potential is curtailed in both the females in â€Å"A Work of Artifice,† by Marge Piercy and the female in â€Å"You Should Have Been a Boy,† by Elizabeth Cady Stanton; however, the manner and degree of such curtailing is quite different. In â€Å"A Work of Artifice† the growth and fulfillment of females is stunted physically, mentally, and sexually. The first evidence of this curtailment of potential we see is when the author says that the bonsai tree, which symbolically represents females, â€Å"could’ve grown to be eighty feet tall†¦but a gardener carefully pruned it.† Males, which are symbolically represented by the gardener, whittle away anything they find undesirable, thus curtailing the female’s growth and fulfillment. Example of the curtailing of the physical growth is â€Å"bound feet† by which females are unable to move around as they wish, limiting them to precisely where the males want them to be. In the words â€Å"croon[ed]† day after day by the gardener â€Å"it is your nature to be small and cozy, domestic and weak,† we see how males use these words to shape the mind of females, and they tell the females repeatedly also that they are so lucky to have men to tend to them as to inflict guilt as a safety net just in case the shaping was unsuccessful. All this careful attention works together to curtail females mentally. Lastly, the words â€Å"the hands you love to touch† imply that females... ...hese works signify the male dominance in society, and how male uses different venues and approaches to protect his dominant status, whether it is by conscious or unconscious acts. Also both works show how female acceptance of this hierarchy gives males the power and approval to continue to rule the roost, whether such acceptance comes through willing obedience or defeat. The females portrayed in â€Å"A Work of Artifice† and â€Å"You Should Have Been a Boy† developed deep and lonely voids inside their hearts because they had been conformed to the male’s wishes. They learned to ignore the pain created by the turning away from their own desires and aspirations and directed their lives on the path of living to please others. This empty existence denied what was rightfully theirs—a life full of happiness and satisfaction that occurs through the freedom of expression of self.