Material Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spanish and American War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spanish and American War - Research Paper Example  Cuba was at war with Spain for a long time that kept going till 1878. In that year, Spain guaranteed the Cubans of frontier changes, huge numbers of which never occurred. At that point in 1895, war broke out again and the three years of the war totally crushed the island. The possibility of the Cuban guerillas was to make Cuba so inefficient that the Spanish would leave the island voluntarily. On the opposite side, Spain’s technique was to get a fast triumph by crushing the Cuban agitators, who were ineffectively equipped and battled in gatherings. At the point when this system fizzled, Spain isolated the laborer populace from the dissidents. The Spanish armed force devastated cows and yields in the towns so as to cut off the food gracefully of the Cuban renegades. In this manner, during the war the two Cubans and Spanish were liable for the pulverization of the island (Offner 50-51). After the Spanish-Cuban war, exchange relations among US and Cuba crumbled. The import-sen d out firms and delivery lines started to compel the legislature to haggle with the Spanish for harmony in Cuba. Be that as it may, there was another gathering who contributed vigorously Cuban businesses and sugarcane plants; they needed a coalition with the Spanish to end the war. At the point when McKinley became president in 1897, the US was recuperating from financial downturns, and the representatives felt that monetary dependability would be hampered by wars. Till the last snapshot of McKinley’s revelation of war, the administration was advised against going into an expensive war. At that point there was the overall population of America who was ingrained with an unfavorable assessment of Spain. They thought about the Spanish as domineering rulers and consequently upheld the Cuban’s defiance to the Spanish. The organization of Grover Cleveland accepted that the Cuban extremists would not stop their brutality. He at first was in strategic kindness of the Cubans ho wever changed his demeanor once the last began wrecking American property. He turned for the war completion and Spanish control of the island. Then again, the Republican Party supported Cuban freedom, thus when McKinley turned into the president, he was relied upon to move in the direction of freeing Cuba from Spain. McKinley, notwithstanding, was not for taking any choice that would jeopardize the country’s economy. During that time, he got mindful of Cuba’s discouraging circumstance. The island’s rural economy was crushed. The Cuban regular citizens, including ladies and kids, were in close to death conditions. Cuba was in problem about ousting Spanish standard since the Cubans were not sure about self-administration. During this second, McKinley concluded that non-impedance would not take care of the issue (Offner 52-54). McKinley was agreeable to sending shipments of arms to the Cuban agitators at the danger of decaying relations with Spain. To maintain a st rategic distance from a war with Spain, McKinley at that point made a conciliatory stride by notice the Spanish to end their domineering standard over Cuba. He gave them three months’ time, in spite of the fact that he didn't anticipate that the Spanish should concur. In the end, McKinley was nearly arranged for a potential war. During this time, Praxedes Sagasta turned into the head administrator of Spain.â

Individual reflection about a presentation(denmark Coursework

Singular reflection about a presentation(denmark - Coursework Example In an article composed by Katzenbach and Smith (1993), The control of groups, there is an intriguing exerpt, â€Å"When people approach a group circumstance, particularly in a business setting, every ha prior employment assignments just as qualities and shortcomings mirroring an assortment of abilities, foundations, characters, and prejudices† (p. 168). The quality of our group was an amazing one. Despite the fact that we had issues attempting to meet each other because of separations we had the option to invest in our amounts of energy and put forth a valiant effort. We had the option to speak with one another and every part had the option to add to making our venture succes. We saw every others shortcomings and we conquered those shortcomings by cooperating. This undertaking had given us a positive encounter that neither of us will before long overlook. In spite of the fact that we just met multiple times during the creation of our venture I might want to encounter this type of comradery once more. We have achieved a great deal in such a modest quantity of time. The shortcomings our gathering had did not depend on a failure to get along. In fact, we worked perseveringly and strived together. The issue was our good ways from one another just as our calendar. There are things that we are committed to do in life, for example, work. Employments and family life must take a need and then again, making a timetable to get together was troublesome. Due to the entirety of our various timetables we expected to set up a particular time and spot to meet. Two of our gathering individuals live in London and us other two live a long way from one another also. However, despite the fact that the separation was huge we were all ready to get together as planned. There were numerous troubles attempting to complete our work and it was here and there overpowering however we figured out how to bargain with one another to complete the work. As a group chief it required me much exertion to have the gathering run successfully.We got together on February fifteenth for our first gathering. During that time I alloted isolated the venture so each colleague would have a section and I took the first which was about the foundation of Denmark. At the point when we needed to take a shot at the part about Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, we isolated the part into sets. During our second gathering on the seventeenth, we had the option to start our PowerPoint. On the 22nd we finished the PowerPoint and composed it to make it sound great. Lastly, on the 23rd we went through a long time recounting and rehearsing our introduction. Before our introduction we had drilled mercilessly. We were glad that our endeavors had offered realization to our prosperity. During my time as the gathering chief I needed to mentor everyone in the group. I urged everybody to ponder the work we have done. I had the option to gain so much from my colleagues. I have discovered that relati onal abilities are significant when progressing in the direction of a shared objective. As De Janasz-Dowd-Schneider (2005, pg. 195) put it, everybody ought to take part and assume liability on what the person needs to do. The way in to the entirety of this is correspondence. In the event that a colleague is having issues, we should help the most ideal way we can. Without appropriate correspondence we would experience considerable difficulties cooperating. We had the option to handle this venture with our difficult work and comprehension of each others’

Strategies and Concepts in Research Design

Techniques and Concepts in Research Design Section 3 METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN As per Saunders et al (2005), plan of an examination can be exploratory, illustrative or expressive in nature. The shade of the examination chose by its points and destinations sets out the plan or diagram of the exploration. Most definitely, it attempts to acclimatize new perspectives with the topic or subject subsequently assessing a situation from the point of view of advancement. As saw by Saunders et al (2005), an exploratory research perceives and assesses an exploratory issue that is in accordance with the examination procedure separated from the scrutiny of the writing or scholastic works and arrangement of essential information. The advantage of doing an exploratory research is that it very well may be revised according to the requirements. The scientist appreciates the opportunity to control the exploration toward any path at any period of it. Simultaneously, an informative research attempts to show the verifiable condition of an occasion or procedure. As substantiated by S aunders et al. (2005), this kind of research can be determined at later fragment of insightful examination, where a clear image of the event or situation is required before pushing ahead in the investigation. Most definitely, as indicated by Saunders et al (2005), it puts forth attempts to assess linkage in the middle of parameters. An exploration of this sort incorporates an exact course taking into see the tests attempted by methods for numerical procedures. Choosing about the structure of an examination extensively relies upon the idea of the exploration which is dictated by the points and targets of the examination. For this exploration, the point was to contemplate the client relationship the executives of State Bank of India and its upper hand. The examination was to accomplish following goals: to audit degree calculated models and hypothetical structure identified with relationship showcasing; to recognize how relationship promoting could be utilized as a key device for upper hand; and to suggest key systems for relationship advertising. This examination basically required investigation with respect to the connection between client relationship the executives and upper hand according to State Bank of India. Subsequently, the plan of this examination was characterized as exploratory. RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY The way of thinking of an exploration can be positivism or interpretivism ( Zikmund, , 2000). Positivism reasoning depends on the conviction that reality of life liberated from a specific eyewitness, and that validness is isolated from a man who examines it. Then again interpretivism depends on the conviction that fact is created or endured under the management of onlookers and authenticity, not near detached from the individuals who study it. With these key convictions, positivism, relies upon the investigations and justification for deciding (Esterby-Smith, 2002). Interpretivism relies upon individual meetings and perceptions to represent proclaimed truth. In positivism, the hypothesis endeavors to divine standards and laws that clarify, explain, foresee and control results. Positivism inquire about depends on the perspective, which affirms the solitary substantiates realities are the logical data that can be effortlessly acquired by clinging carefully to the logical technique. In positivist science, a hypothesis is a gadget utilized as a theory, the structure of the test (Zikmund, 2000). On the as opposed to positivism, interpretivism identify with a phenomenological worldview, contending that the world is abstract (Esterby-Smith, 2002). Interpretivism look into appends significance to the importance and attempting to comprehend what's going on and this is probably going to contend that the rich comprehension of this composite, the world loses if the intricacy of the social world is totally diminished to a progression of laws, for example, rearrangements. This examination had nothing to do with the logical research or embracing positivism reasoning. In progressively clear words, this examination was neither dependent on speculations testing nor dependent on analyzing hypotheses. Hence, unquestionably the way of thinking of this exploration was interpretivism, where the scientist needed to uncover emotional data with respect to the picked examine subject-client relationship the executives of State Bank of India and its upper hand. Receiving interpretivism reasoning in this examination, right off the bat writing survey was led and from that point direct information was gathered moving toward target test from different banks in India and especially from State Bank of India. RESEARCH APPROACH The methodology of an exploration can be deductive or inductive (Easterby-Smith, 2002). Deductive research is a methodology scrutinizing from the general to the exact. Each so regularly, this coolly terms as top-down the methodology (Easterby-Smith, 2002). Here we can start further to think upward on a hypothesis comparative with our topic of an investigation. We at that point thin that down into the exact of supposition that we can analyze. We lessen descending however we move while we accumulate perceptions to be available on to the suppositions (Denscombe, 2003). This is last it conducts us to be to capability look at presumptions with exact information, verification or release of our imaginative speculations. Inductive research is a methodology based with configuration examines another street, moving from the exact perceptions to the more broad speculations and the hypotheses. Calmly, these are term as way to deal with the base is raised raise upward (Easterby-Smith, 2002). In th e inductive methodology, we start further with the exact perceptions and the estimations; start to additionally uncover pictures and regularities make some starter suppositions which we can examine, and afterward we end upward on to protract some broad ends. An examination dependent on interpretivism theory is recommended to direct having inductive research approach. Along these lines, this examination was led embracing inductive research approach. As per the standards of inductive research approach, an examination procedure was followed beginning from base and coming to top. In increasingly clear words, right off the bat examine issues were distinguished inspecting the writing and in this way explicit information was gathered moving toward the objective example so as to make ends. RESEARCH METHOD Throughout the long stretches of speculative bases and hypothetical establishments and perspectives, in accordance with investigations in some other area, business and the executives inquire about has experienced changes. In genuine sense, investigation is an action that people start in order to find something in a deliberate manner, in this manner upgrading their mindfulness (Saunders et al, 2003). An examination isn't an exploration in evident sense and won't yield anything expected in the event that it isn't attempted in a restrained manner, in other words, it needs to have an obvious point and information arrangement ought to be performed close by translation without which it can't be called an investigation. The investigation gives a knowledge into the linkage between the relevant area of investigation and members and desire at shifted space of time degree. The agents utilize methods and instruments endorsed by the scholarly compositions as far as on - paper or verbal work asses sments, aptitudes, the utilization of significant thoughts, part concerns and investigation rehearses connected. Quantitative and subjective can be the two sorts of the methods utilized with the end goal of investigation. The further conversation features the purposes of differentiation between these two types of the board look into apparatuses in the light of the scholarly works. The subjective procedure or strategy is utilized in the area of sociologies to investigate social and get-togethers. The subjective devices are then placed into the classes of activity investigation, member experience and ethnography inspecting. The roads of subjective information are meetings and surveys, contextual investigations, center gathering perception, records and compositions, member experience, and the wayfarers discernments and reactions. In the event of this sort of examination, there might be contrasts in the comprehension of various social and social characteristics; generally information assessment varies with the agents (Saunders et al, 2003). The subjective instruments of investigations have the bene fits of aggregating fine, endorsed information relating to human points of view and issues, considering the various parameters that may have direction on the reactions. Simultaneously, this worldview additionally has a demerit_ it requires some investment and is demanding. Prior, the quantitative method was utilized to investigate the regular occasions in the area of characteristic sciences. The information incorporated during the quantitative research are quantifiable, dependable, and can be typically universalized to a greater piece of crowd (Saunders et al, 2003). Carelessness of various parts of compelling examination is the most watched fault of quantitative research. The quantitative research incorporates the procedures like overviews, econometrics, inspecting, lab tests and various measurable information testing devices. The quantitative research gives a wide space of research. With the end goal of the current research, both subjective and quantitative strategies have been utilized. Subjective technique was utilized with the end goal of the writing audit and quantitative methodology was utilized to accumulate direct or essential information on the perceived investigation themes by methods for writing read-through. Information COLLECTION Essential and optional are the two procedures of information arrangement (Saunders et al., 2005). Considering research sketch and goal, both essential and auxiliary strategies of information arrangement was utilized with the end goal of the current research. Optional Data The gathering of auxiliary information is done from the optional roads that are removed from in-print or unpublished sources (Parasuraman

How to Start Writing a Book

How to Start Writing a Book Youve finally decided to write a book, and youre pumped about it. Youre confident your book is going to be one of the greatest written works in literary history. It will be the hot topic of discussion at book clubs everywhere! But when you consider actually starting the process, you feel stuck. Now what?Everyone has his or her own distinct writing style. Some gush out words to create a lengthy and very rough draft, while others agonize over every single word and sentence. Certain writers start at page one, while others create the body first and then fill in the intro later. Some arent even quite sure what genre they want to follow until theyve hashed out several pages.Whatever your creative process, youre likely to run into a few walls as you embark on your writing journey, so here are a few tips to get you started and to simplify the process.Dedicate a special space to your writingFind a spot that is set apart from the other events of daily life, and use that space each time you wri te. Cater the environment to your specific needs. Does music help you relax and inspire creativity? Or, do you prefer silence? Do you need to look out the window? Consider your personal preferences and the elements that will best invite the magic into your writing process.Devote part of each day to writingOnce youve established a good environment conducive to writing, make a plan to establish a solid, regular plan of action. Just like getting six-pack abs requires regular exercise, your literary masterpiece also needs constant, dedicated attention. An obstacle many writers face is the lack of motivation to sit down each and every day and ignore all of the distractions. Set aside a certain amount of time every day (or even a certain exact time; set an alarm on your phone!) to add content to your book.Set a goal for how many words you will write per day. Start smallâ€"say, 200 words a dayâ€"and increase your volume of daily work from there. Even small contributions can add up with con sistent effort.Solidify your ideaOnce youre ready to start putting words down, begin with one sentence describing what your book is about. This statement offers a big-picture view of your book. You might even use this sentence when youre ready to market your final work! But for now, focus on this short expression as a very simplified summary and a means to focus your intent. Instead of using your characters name, use vivid descriptors. For example: An enterprising teenage boy starts his own business in a rural town unaccepting of new ideas and confronts the woes of poverty within the community.Create memorable charactersIn most book reviews and recommendations from friends, I find a common thread: The characters were complex/relatable/likable. Very seldom will I hear someone rave about a book if he or she wasnt moved by the people in the story. Consider characters like Sherlock Holmes; we all know who he is, but the details about his stories are a bit hazier. People latch on to char acters.This means your characters need depth and background so your readers can lose themselves in their lives. What is your characters name? What are her goals and desires? How will she achieve them? What conflicts does she face? How will she change?Mapping out the path of your characters development follows what is called a character arc. Each character goes through a transformation from the beginning to the end of your story. Just as Harry Potter starts out as an innocent boy and becomes a steely-eyed young man, your characters go through a transformation. Typically, a character progresses through a series of stages.Stage 1 â€" Ordinary lifeHere the characters before picture is set up. We learn some details about the foundation of life before anything juicy happens.Stage 2 â€" Call for adventureSomething happens to our main character to motivate him to follow a certain course. For example, in Hamlet, the kings ghost appears to Prince Hamlet and tells him who his murderer was, sti rring Hamlet to seek revenge.Stage 3 â€" Refusal of callAt this stage, the character hesitates to embark on this grand mission. Here we see the characters flaws and fears.Stage 4 â€" Encouragement from a mentorThe character musters up courage with a little help from a wise friend.Stage 5 â€" Trials and challengesInevitably, the hero faces his foes, and his outlook and personality are significantly changed.Stage 6 â€" RebirthThe ordeals the character has faced cause him to rise again as a new person, usually with renewed strength, determination, and focus.Stage 7 â€" Resolution and restThe characters woes seem to settle down, and life offers a quiet pace once again for our hero.Crafting the details of your characters story can present a daunting task, but once you decide on the path your protagonist will follow, the details will fall into place through the events of your story.Set your settingAre you writing a work of historical fiction? Do your research about the particular time per iod and area of the world. Are you on the beach? In space? Figure out what that means for the flow of your text. In works of nonfiction, hash out what you want your readers to learn. Will you go broad on a subject or focus on exploring one aspect in depth?Outline your storyMap out a summary of your story. In a work of fiction, what happens to your characters and when? If youre writing nonfiction, create an outline of the points you want to cover and in what order. In a nonfiction work, writing out a table of contents can help you focus the direction and points of your book.Heres an example of an outline Id create if I were writing a book about road cycling:IntroductionAbout the BookChapter 1: What is Road Cycling?Road cycling vs. mountain bikingGetting the right equipmentWhat kind of bike is right for me?Benefits of cyclingChapter 2: Finding Your PathRiding with trafficCommuting by bikeLocating out-of-traffic paths in your areaCreating an outline provides you with the scaffolding fo r your book and gives you a springboard from which to launch into your story. Seeing the bare bones of your intended story will inspire you to fill in the gaps and will give you much-needed direction.Start at the endIf youre not sure where your story will start, focus on the ending of your work and figure out how you want to get there. Does Captain Yellow Beard find the treasure at the end? What state is he in when he gets there? Deciding the conclusion of your work first will give you a better idea of the details and events youll need to incorporate.When you work back to the first chapters, keep in mind that the first few sentences of a book are very important to readers. Some look at those first sentences to get a feeling of whether they want to proceed through the whole work. So hook them in quickly. Dive into the conflict of the story to set the mood instead of describing the scene first. You can provide character development as you go. For nonfiction books, an author can hook r eaders by relating a surprising or interesting example related to the subject matter. For example, in my road cycling book, I could relate my first experience scaling a mountain road in the snow.Plan for discouragementDuring the process, youre bound to face frustration, confusion, and self-doubt. Plan for these obstacles and prepare a plan to counteract them. Perhaps you can be ready to visit an inspiring mentor who always manages to boost your confidence and motivation. Maybe you can save a really enjoyable section of your book to write when you feel like youre running on empty. Whatever your strategy is, prepare it in advance. Even simply steeling yourself for that doubt to creep in can help you avoid being swallowed up by it.Above all else, doing something is better than doing nothing when youre facing the task of getting started on your book. Following a plan can help you feel more focused on the task and help you overcome those first twinges of self-doubt or the dregs of writer s block. Dive in! Before you can publish your masterpiece and bask in its bestselling success, you have to write it. Good luck!

Unhealthy Lunches Essay - 2200 Words

Unhealthy Lunches (Essay Sample) Content: Unhealthy lunchesStudent nameLecturerInstitutionDateIntroductionThis case is all obesity provision of unhealthy lunches to the school pupils. The school administration is said to contract Drive-In Don to supply the school pupils with burgers during lunch hour. The burgers are claimed to have healthy effects on the pupils of the school. This is evident in the activity level of the children and children suffering from extreme obesity and risk suffering from diabetes. Before a school provides a contract which touches on the health of the students, it ought to have requested an inspection report of their foods which is then approved by the responsible authority. In this case, the count healthy department needs to be aware of the healthy and safety status of the burgers. This paper will discuss legal arguments which relate to the burgers supplied, defences available to the school and restaurant and role of government agencies in protection of safety of consumers.Response t o George and Mary caseIt is true that George and Mary have a case concerning the safety of their sons. They have a case to sue the school for contracting a company which did not prevent an inspection report to prove the safety of their foods. The restaurant also is to disclosing the ingredients of their foods posing healthy risk of their children the two, George and Mary, have a case since they are parents of the sons schooling in the school. The restaurants need to provide details of the food ingredients they se to cook the burgers. There is also evidence of consumers risking being diabetic and obese.The legal arguments available to the plaintiffs will be based on the report from the county health department that children from these schools have the highest cholesterol, are the most obese and are the least active. It has been proved that Randall suffers from extreme obesity and high cholesterol and runs risk of diabetes. They will also seek to know if the restaurant provides the su ppliers (school) of the details they use as ingredients for the food products. The restaurant has not come out to explain why consumers after taking their burgers turn out to be obese and run the risk of diabetes. It is the duty of food restaurant to assure its intended consumers of safety levels of their food products. This will protect the image of the restaurant. The restaurant has a duty to care and failure to which will be negligence on their part. They ought to have a reasonable care and duty bound to address the healthy and safety issues relating to their burgers.School defence to the case of George and MaryThe school will argue to lack capacity to test the safety of the foods supplied in their vicinity. The restaurant has good reputation of selling the most delicious burgers in town at the most affordable price. There is no school rule obliging the school to eat burgers during lunch hour. It is the children choice to be served with burgers during lunch hour. Another legal ar gument will revolve around the report from the county health department being too general and none of the children from the school was tested. The report refers to children from those schools meaning it is a general report which does not refer to the specific school.Defense available to the Drive-in Don fast food restaurantThe fast food restaurant will argue that the county healthy report did not specify in their report that their burgers are risky for consumption. The report just point out that the children are obese, less active and run risk of diabetes. The plaintiff argument that the restaurant is engaging in illegal deceptive advertising of its foods and it is not truthful o its consumers are malicious. They will also support their case by saying that the ingredients are clearly indicated on the packages of the burgers. The children does not only eat lunch, but take super and breakfast else. It will unfair to claim that it is only consumed burgers during lunch hour which makes the children to be obese and less active. Too much class work without exercise will make the children to be obese and less active. The school needs to engage the children in physical exercise fro fitness. The school did not also request details of food ingredients of their food products. They are other suppliers in town. The other group of consumers have not so far leveled complains in relation to their supply of burgers. They have reputation of selling th... Unhealthy Lunches Essay - 2200 Words Unhealthy Lunches (Essay Sample) Content: Unhealthy lunchesStudent nameLecturerInstitutionDateIntroductionThis case is all obesity provision of unhealthy lunches to the school pupils. The school administration is said to contract Drive-In Don to supply the school pupils with burgers during lunch hour. The burgers are claimed to have healthy effects on the pupils of the school. This is evident in the activity level of the children and children suffering from extreme obesity and risk suffering from diabetes. Before a school provides a contract which touches on the health of the students, it ought to have requested an inspection report of their foods which is then approved by the responsible authority. In this case, the count healthy department needs to be aware of the healthy and safety status of the burgers. This paper will discuss legal arguments which relate to the burgers supplied, defences available to the school and restaurant and role of government agencies in protection of safety of consumers.Response t o George and Mary caseIt is true that George and Mary have a case concerning the safety of their sons. They have a case to sue the school for contracting a company which did not prevent an inspection report to prove the safety of their foods. The restaurant also is to disclosing the ingredients of their foods posing healthy risk of their children the two, George and Mary, have a case since they are parents of the sons schooling in the school. The restaurants need to provide details of the food ingredients they se to cook the burgers. There is also evidence of consumers risking being diabetic and obese.The legal arguments available to the plaintiffs will be based on the report from the county health department that children from these schools have the highest cholesterol, are the most obese and are the least active. It has been proved that Randall suffers from extreme obesity and high cholesterol and runs risk of diabetes. They will also seek to know if the restaurant provides the su ppliers (school) of the details they use as ingredients for the food products. The restaurant has not come out to explain why consumers after taking their burgers turn out to be obese and run the risk of diabetes. It is the duty of food restaurant to assure its intended consumers of safety levels of their food products. This will protect the image of the restaurant. The restaurant has a duty to care and failure to which will be negligence on their part. They ought to have a reasonable care and duty bound to address the healthy and safety issues relating to their burgers.School defence to the case of George and MaryThe school will argue to lack capacity to test the safety of the foods supplied in their vicinity. The restaurant has good reputation of selling the most delicious burgers in town at the most affordable price. There is no school rule obliging the school to eat burgers during lunch hour. It is the children choice to be served with burgers during lunch hour. Another legal ar gument will revolve around the report from the county health department being too general and none of the children from the school was tested. The report refers to children from those schools meaning it is a general report which does not refer to the specific school.Defense available to the Drive-in Don fast food restaurantThe fast food restaurant will argue that the county healthy report did not specify in their report that their burgers are risky for consumption. The report just point out that the children are obese, less active and run risk of diabetes. The plaintiff argument that the restaurant is engaging in illegal deceptive advertising of its foods and it is not truthful o its consumers are malicious. They will also support their case by saying that the ingredients are clearly indicated on the packages of the burgers. The children does not only eat lunch, but take super and breakfast else. It will unfair to claim that it is only consumed burgers during lunch hour which makes the children to be obese and less active. Too much class work without exercise will make the children to be obese and less active. The school needs to engage the children in physical exercise fro fitness. The school did not also request details of food ingredients of their food products. They are other suppliers in town. The other group of consumers have not so far leveled complains in relation to their supply of burgers. They have reputation of selling th...

Whitney Museum of Art Essay - 1163 Words

The Whitney Museum of American Art has often been referred to a citadel of American Art, partially due to the museums faà §ade, a striking granite building (Figure 1), designed by Bauhaus trained architect Marcel Breuer. The museum perpetuates this reference through its biennial review of contemporary American Art, which the Whitney has become most famous for. The biennial has become since its inception a measure of the state of contemporary art in America today. Since the Museums opening in 1931, the collection has grown to more than 12,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, drawings, and photographs, representing nearly 2,000 individual artists and providing the most complete overview of twentieth-century American art of any museum in the†¦show more content†¦For example, in the 2004 biennial their was 113 artists shown, consistent with the 2000 show of around 103 artists. The Whitney seems determined to include as much art as possible that can fit in their relatively small sized museum in order to better reflect the condition of the art scene in contemporary America. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To fully understand the role of the biennial today, we must look to its past. The earliest Biennials were assembled informally; easy groups of artists and museum personnel made the selections. Most of those in the show lived in New York City, although many had originally come from elsewhere. In 1937, the format was changed and the exhibitions became Annuals, with one year for painting, one for sculpture and various media. Some years, a single Whitney curator chose pieces; sometimes an outsider was added. In 1973, they went back to Biennials. Today the tradition remains the same as was begun fully in 1973. Increasingly in current shows curators search out a wide range of ethnic and gender varieties to fully grasp the breadth of American culture that is represented in current art work. Their has been much criticism of the Whitney and their exclusion of non-American artists. There are sections of critics who believe that the Whitney is onlyShow MoreRelatedMy Lif e At The Whitney Museum Of American Art1524 Words   |  7 PagesAirport please.’ He grunted in response and took the next right onto Park avenue leading out of the upper east side. Sydney had recently moved into her one bedroom apartment on 74th street, to be closer to her newly acquired job at the Whitney Museum of American Art, in midtown Manhattan. 27 years of age, and Sydney still did not have a stable job, was running her bank account dry every month in order to pay her costly rent, and was still without a significant other. Sydney sat now, in the backRead MoreAmerican Art During The Great Depression723 Words   |  3 Pages American Art during the Great Depression and before World War II sought to rebrand and rebuild a broken and desperate nation. In colonies around the country, artists banded together to study and support one another, and U.S. government programs of the WPA, FAP, and FSA provided opportunities for artists to create public works on a scale never seen before in this country. Like the LDS Church Welfare program begun at the same time, these art initiatives revived the individual’s dignity in the formRead MoreTaking a Look at Autobiographical Images1124 Words   |  4 Pages Viewing autobiographical images is often a relational experience. Within contemporary art, autobiographical work opens up the possibility of creating new kinds of relationships between people of different backgrounds. 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Assignment School Of Law And Business - 715 Words

Assignment Cover Sheet Student Name: Student Number: School of Law and Business Charles Darwin University Casuarina NT 0909 Phone: (08) 8946 6830 Unit Name: Unit Code: Lecturers Name: Assessment Title Semester: Year: Assignment (select assignment number) Due Date (dd/mm/yyyy): Lodgement Date (dd/mm/yyyy): Applied for Extension: (dd/mm/yyyy) 0 N/A 0 NO 0 YES – to Lodgement Locations: (refer to specific lodgement requirements as set out by the lecturer) DO NOT LODGE BY FAX nor EMAIL nor at LECTURER’S OFFICE †¢ The assignment must be lodged online via the Learnline Assignment Lodgement link on the Learnline site for this unit. Ensure your file is named using a file naming convention that allows the lecturer to identify to whom it belongs. Failure to use an acceptable file naming convention may result in your assignment lodgement being rejected. †¢ Refer to the endnotes of the assignment details for lodgement options if the Learnline Assignment Lodgement link for this unit is unavailable. 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Substance Abuse Treatment For Adolescents Essay - 832 Words

Introduction Including families in the treatment of substance use in adolescents has been a debate for several years in the addictions world. Some claim that involving families may hinder the client’s ability to improve due to not being honest, fear, and the lack of relationship one may have with their family members, specifically parental figures. Adolescents may not be honest with themselves or family members due to fear of disappointing or fear of punishment. Many providers and policy-makers do not view family member involvement as essential for successful treatment and recovery and see family as part of the problem rather than part of the solution (Hornberger Smith, 2011). However, some researchers have found that families are an important resource for young people as they journey through substance use treatment. The journal article entitled â€Å"Substance Abuse Treatment for Adolescents: How are Family Factors Related to Substance Use Change?† discusses the importance in family involvement in the adolescent treatment process leading to significant decreases in usage. The article backs up their conclusion with research administered among a number of adolescents and their Mothers in Quebec, Canada. Statistics It is crucial to understand the statistics in youth substance use involvement, to fully understand that this is a rising issue throughout the world. In 2013, an estimated 24.6 million Americans aged 12 or older; 9.4 percent of the population had used an illicit drugShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse and Treatment for Adolescents2174 Words   |  9 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 4 Treatment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4-7 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.. 8-10 Substance Abuse and Treatment for Adolescents Introduction Substance abuse among adolescents is becoming an increasing concern. 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These problems appear to be associated, so it is necessary to look at both and how they interact (Ramchand). Substance abuse can bring about or exacerbate existing mental health problems, including suicidal ideation and attempts. Medical professionals cannot begin to resolve the issue of substance abuse related suicidal ideation or attempts unless they have an effective solutionRead MoreCo Occurring Mental Health Disorders ( Sud ) Essay877 Words   |  4 Pagesmental health disorders (MHD) and substance abuse disorders (SUD) are increasingly prevalent in youth. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), nearly 1.3 million adolescents ages 12-17 years old had a SUD in 2014 (2014). Co-occurring MHD and SUD can limit one’s ability to function in everyday life. MHD alone can compromise judgement and behavior (SAMHSA, 2014). Substance abuse may worsen or trigger symptoms of MHD in adolescents. Youth that are diagnosed withRead MoreTeenage Drug Abuse Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage drug abuse is an issue that can result from a wide variety of social influences, stressful events, and mental disorders. Drug abuse among adolescents is a troubling issue because it decreases focus, increases the chance of consistency in behavior during adulthood, increases the chances of developing emotional issues, permanently damages the brain, and damages tissues in every system that can lead to death. Previous scientific research has identified that social factors, including the mediaRead MoreWhat Does The Strength Perspective Can Be Beneficial? Adolescents?1285 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescents relate to the clinician that is working with them. This could be because strengths based is a positive perspective that is meant to encourage and teach the teens how to cope. Strengths based perspective is also known to help open up adolescent’s ability to talk with their parents and can also decrease negative behaviors. After the five week treatment was complete the adolescent where asked to talk about their experience and what they liked most about the strengths based perspectiveRead MoreThe Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach898 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Adolescents are a population that can be at-risk in regards to drug and alcohol abuse. A program called the Community Reinforcement Approach was created and later adapted into the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach in the 1970s to address problems adolescents face when it comes to drug or alcohol abuse (Intervention Summary - Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA)). The Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach works with adolescents from the ages twelveRead MoreEssay about Adolescent Substance Abuse641 Words   |  3 PagesAdolescent Substance Abuse Adolescent substance abuse continues to be epidemic in American society -- it crosses geographic, economic, gender, racial, and ethnic lines. In addition, more than a decade of national, state, and local prevention efforts have been minimally effective. It is a major problem that continues to escape our control. Nearly 9 out of 10 high school seniors in America report that they have experimented with alcohol. Within this group, 3 out of 10 report alcohol abuseRead MoreDrug Use And The Factors That Influence A Future Drug Addiction1005 Words   |  5 Pagesexplores various ways adolescent brain is susceptible to risky behaviors such as drug use and the factors that influence a future drug addiction. Adolescence is a time of growth both physically and mentally as well as emotionally. Risky behaviors, such as drug use, are likely to appear during this time. It isn’t until early adulthood that the prefrontal cortex, the area of our brain responsible for logical thought and reasoning, is developed. Many underlying factors of substance abuse are well known, suchRead MoreDrug Treatment For Adolescents And Adolescents1732 Words   |  7 PagesDRUG TREATMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS 2 ABSTRACT Youths in the United States are using drugs more than ever and even at a younger age than the past. Reaching out to these younger addicts can be complicated. There are several ways to approach substance abuse treatment for youths. School counselors and parents

Introduction Of Islam And The Environment - 1665 Words

Introduction to Islam and the Environment A few problems we face in the world today include harmful ozone layer destruction, unmanageable global warming, disgustingly high levels of pollution, dangerously high rates of natural resource depletion, and extinction at astronomical rates. The effect of these issues includes destruction of our trees and plants, food shortages, higher risk of natural disasters, higher risk of unclean water, and a higher risk of cancer (Environmental Problems). These obvious issues have been ravaging our earth for much too long and it is time that people begin to step up and embrace environmental sustainability. While there are groups and foundations working towards creating a more sustainable earth, more active†¦show more content†¦With a following that includes 23% of the world population, Islam as a whole has the potential to influence over one billion people to act a certain way. Although 100% of the people in the world are Islamic, everyone has the ability to utilize Muslim practices a nd principles in order to address climate change and environmental degradation. Some behaviors that should be more common include recycling, conserving energy and natural resources, use carbon emitting vehicles/machines less, and simply to plant more trees. These activities, which go along with a few of the basic aspects of Islamic thought and practice, could potentially have a huge impact on the world when followed by large amounts of people. Due to the gravity of the issues and the consequences that are already beginning to occur, the emphasis on environmental sustainability needs to begin soon, and those who disagree need to join the cause unless they enjoy watching their friends and family experience sickness, disaster, and death. Problem Facing the World Today There are thirty-four countries in the world that are both advanced agriculturally and predominantly Muslim. These thirty-four Islamic nations account for about 21% of the world’s land surface and about 15% of its cropped area. While the agricultural sector has been a pivotal part of Islamic life for hundreds of years, the practice is becoming more and more difficult. In regards to agriculture today, Lynn White states

How Does Mill’s Principle of Liberty Contribute to Progress Free Essays

The concept of liberty seems to have been consistently analysed and re-structured throughout history by ambitious philosophers keen on creating a ‘better world’. John Stuart Mill, a British philosopher of the XIX century, is not an exception from this trend. With his thought-provoking work â€Å"On Liberty†, he sets a basis for what he believes will lead to the development of the human being and contribute to its progress. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Mill’s Principle of Liberty Contribute to Progress? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This gives way to his Principle of Liberty, which illustrates that only a free person, and by default also the society, has the opportunity for growth through searching the truth by questioning and debating. It may be agreed upon that a strong barrier to any form of progress is the avoidance or omission of the truth. Mill goes even further and argues that an opinion may be wholly true, wholly false, or partially true, and all three benefit the common good. The only way to attain this truth is through discussion, as â€Å"If all mankind minus one, were of on opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind. This quote is a prominent example of the importance of seeking the truth through thought and expression, and is one of the factors contributing to individual liberty. The world a human being grows up in shapes his opinions, and while this is acceptable for initial formations of thought and awareness, Mill argues it is dangerous to rely only on it and not reflect on other ‘worlds’. Not only would such an attitude impair the total formation of one’s mental capabilities and capacity, it would also lead to seeing yourself as infallible. After all, if a person surrounds himself with people of the same convictions as him, then it is plausible to presume that he will believe many things as issues that are no longer doubtful. This in turn results in the line between opinion and fact getting blurred due to the inexistence of debate, causing many future errors which could have been omitted otherwise. â€Å"The suppression of opinion based on belief in infallible doctrines is dangerous†, whereas any silencing of discussion is, according to Mill, an assumption of infallibility. Treating truth as a relative concept by refusing to hear what one considers a ‘false’ opinion is â€Å"assuming that their certainty is the same things as absolute certainty†. Humans should keep their mind open to criticism of their belief and listen to a variety of views on it in order to understand it and be able to defend against it. A clash of conflicting opinions enables us to find ‘fuller’ truths. The only way we may know if a belief is true or not is to challenge it. If a doctrine â€Å"is not fully, frequently and fearlessly discussed, it will be held as a dead dogma, not a living truth†. Mill seeks to point out this fundamental issue which, due to its simplicity and obviousness, is often underrated. â€Å"No wise man ever acquired his wisdom in any mode but this; nor is it in the nature of human intellect to become wise in any other manner†. Of course, a major problem in attaining the truth is that it may remain in â€Å"narrow circles of thinking and studious persons among whom they originate, without ever lighting up the general affairs of mankind with either a true or deceptive light†. This is precisely what Mill wants to avoid. Moreover, he wants to advance the discussion to a higher level of clarity without an individual’s actions and beliefs being restricted by bonds of custom and conformity. He notes that the most venerable beliefs arise from a person’s own critical assessments and reasoning. The Principle of Liberty illustrates his argument that freedom is indispensable to originality of character as it is the means by which a person can develop as an individual. And, Mill claims, â€Å"The free development of individuality is one of the leading essentials of well-being†. This line of reasoning leads us to an important aspect of Mill’s Principle, i. e. how it contributes to individual and, in the long run, social progress. We have already established that seeking the truth provokes the mental development of an individual. The cultivation of individuality will result in human happiness as it requires making choices that one thinks is most beneficial to their life. â€Å"First, Mill argues, even though people do make mistakes, individuals are still more likely to be right about what would make them happy than anyone else. It is essential to help one another distinguish between worthy and unworthy pursuits through persuasive argument and use of liberty in a sensible way to fully develop as free individuals. † A second reason for liberty is that it will not only lead to better decisions in the long run, but also that the exercise of freedom of choice is itself vital to the full development of human nature. Those who are slave to customs, Mil l suggest, will never develop into rounded, flourishing individuals; not necessarily because they will be nhappy, but because they will fail to develop one of their most distinctively human capacities, the capacity for choice. † Consequently, one can argue that since individuality is a positive thing, it is necessary to build social institutions that contribute to that individuality. A functioning society whereby individuals are able to learn from others’ ‘experiments of living’ is, according to Mill, human progress at its best. â€Å"Liberty is vital as a condition of experimentation† , for without it peoples’ rational would not be used and thus would not develop. When a person becomes more valuable to himself, he immediately becomes more valuable to society. It is necessary, however, to stress the limit of liberty, also known as the Harm Principle. As long as one person’s actions do not harm the interests of another, society should not interfere. Mill identifies ‘the permanent interests of man as a progressive being’ as his interests in autonomy and in security. Furthermore, when a human being does not intrude on another person’s freedom, that person can develop accordingly, and incidentally become a role model showing others how (not) to live. This is how the â€Å"less creative† individuals of society can make informed decisions on leading their own lives, i. e. learning from experimenting, which is â€Å"quite the chief ingredient of individual and social progress†. Nevertheless, critics of Mill’s Principle are quick to notice that his ideas rest on the optimistic outlook that human beings are capable of learning from experience, indeed, that they even want to do it. Yet as history shows, humankind is consistent in failing to learn from mistakes. â€Å"Progress is the cornerstone of Mill’s doctrine† , yet if humans are not prepared to learn, how do they differ from ‘children and barbarians’? Liberty is a means to progress; incapable of free speech and debate, children and barbarians do not benefit from liberty and hence it does not apply to them. Thus we may assume that a certain attitude towards life is needed for Mill’s Principle to succeed, that is to say it strongly relies on humans having the capacity of making moral progress. He believes this can be trained by society in the early stages of human life. It is throughout childhood when society has the biggest influence over a person, when it should strive to embed values it hopes to see materialize in adulthood. The knowledge a child accumulates should then be left free to be interpreted in any way the adult sees fit after reaching maturity. After all, non scholae, sed vitae discimus. Moreover, â€Å"if the person fails to accept those values, or remains immature, it is society’s own fault†. Precisely this point has been the target of much criticism, seen as the crux of Mill’s idealistic vision for an improbable future that goes against human nature. For if everyone remained ‘immature’, then how is liberty to contribute to individual and social progress? If this were the case, the entire ideology would be abolished in an instant and in lieu of it in modern times, other beliefs would dominate. Yet liberty continues to be epitomized as the best answer to a free, happy society. As previously stated, ‘bonds of conformity’ are considered by Mill to be a restraint on liberty. The reason behind this is twofold. First of all, relying only on traditions and treating them as your moral guide by which you live your life, a form of dogma which one accepts without question, hinders your decision-making abilities. Mill places great emphasis on the importance of choice. By narrowing someone’s choices and making them complaint to a certain lifestyle, you take away their freedom. Secondly, such forced conformity denies the existence of diversity. This is a key factor in human development, for by â€Å"seeing people’s dissimilarities (†¦) one learns about one’s own weakness†. Mill is eager to draw attention to the potential opportunities that arise with this, for example, by improving oneself: you have the freedom to make mistakes, assert falsehood, and interpret the experience as you see fit. Whatever conclusion one comes to is still a form of human progress, but this is only possible thanks to an open culture. This stance is severely criticized by communitarians, who see Mill is an iconoclast. They argue that we are too interconnected to simply untie society’s ‘bonds’, and nor is there any reason why we would want to- after all, humans are social creatures and individual separation is not the key to freedom. A counter-argument to this may be that culture is an evolving process as well, and rapid cultural transgressions do occur frequently, especially in terms of technological and scientific progress. Of course, some morals are static and universal, but if we were to perpetually follow a form of customs of society, we would remain immobile. What is more, there is a lack of consistency in communitarians’ perception of freedom, simply because they do not considerate the full extent of how subjective traditions tend to be. What is customary for one person may not be for another, and enforcing one’s traditions onto another human being, especially if it is done by society, truly harms the minority. Such a repressive form of society is deemed by Mill as a regression of individual progress, a halt to â€Å"create the ultimate good in the future, human progress†. The above mentioned arguments illustrate clearly why Mill was so keen on defending the concept of liberty, what he considers the only way in which progress can be enforced without impinging on others’ freedom. It is, he argues, the fundamental human right. â€Å"The sole end,† Mill states, â€Å"for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively†¦ in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection†. Wolff comments on this by saying that â€Å"this will enable each to seek his or her own best; it will liberate a diversity of interests to the benefit of the individual and of all; and it will nurture moral freedom and rationality. With the latter comes creativity and the means of social and intellectual progress. † Such liberty contributing to progress is more so beneficial due to what it entails, i. e. the individual’s freedom of thought and discussion. Mill protests against any stifling of opinion, for even if it were false, we would not recognize its wrongness without contrasting it with the truth. One will never reach the highest levels of self-development without debate and constant awareness of one’s fallibility. Critical assessments of beliefs and opinions are necessary, and only when they â€Å"survive the struggle as it were in the â€Å"marketplace of ideas†, then, and only then, will one be entitled to accept them as justified† . Even then, however, we may be in the wrong. As history has showed us, men who we see now as ‘evil’ and ‘immoral’ were not in their time, as they were acting accordingly to the rules of the society they were brought up in. Thus the debate must be on-going and never lead to a â€Å"deep slumber of a decided opinion†. Furthermore, â€Å"mere shock to tender sensibilities can never be weighty enough harm to counterbalance the case for free expression of opinion. † Nevertheless, it is imperative to keep in mind the statements that Mill is being too optimistic and naive. After all, his whole Principle balances on the assumption that human beings are capable of progress. Even if we concede to that, Mill’s Principle still put forward an essential aspect of human growth. How? Let us look at a quote by George Bernard Shaw: â€Å"progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything†. The importance of free speech and debate reverberates throughout the whole of â€Å"On Liberty†. Mill is always eager to encourage seeking the truth; his Harm Principle states that we cannot harm others’ interests, yet he does not rule out persuasion. Through persuasive arguments and by taking advantage of our freedom in intelligent ways, we develop both ourselves and those we come in contact with and pave the way for progress. Bibliography 1. Bartleby Editors . (2012). On Liberty. Available: . Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. 2. Feinberg, Joel (1980). Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty. Essays in Social Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 3. Gray, J (1996). Mill on Liberty: A Defense. London: Routledge. Chapter 3. 4. Honderich, Ted. (2005). John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty, and a Question about Liberalism. Available: . Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. 5. Lacewing, Michael. (2012). Mill on Liberty. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. Available: . Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. 6. Mill, John Stuart (2001). On Liberty. Kitchener: Batoche Books. 7. Sparknotes Editors. (2012). On Liberty. Available: . Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. 8. Wilson, Fred. (2007). John Stuart Mill. Available: Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. Chapter 4. How to cite How Does Mill’s Principle of Liberty Contribute to Progress?, Essay examples

Reliability of High-Temperature Electronic - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reliability of High-Temperature Electronic. Answer: Introduction An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) refers to a power semiconductor device usually with three terminals which is primarily used as an electrical switch. IGBTs are gaining great importance in the power electronics from both the served application and installed devices. Currently IGBT module is applicable in a range of applications ranging from wind power production, motor drives, industrial inverters and the HVDC converters(Byron, 2015). A Lot of focus is being put in place for the IGBT module to ensure higher power densities. The higher power densities requires the IGBT to operate under high temperatures. Due to that the system of the IGBT has to be improved to meet the requirements which can allow it to operate efficiently under such conditions of high temperatures. The development of the IGBT power modules has been in the recent past been characterized by the frequent increase in power density with the main aim of reduction of costs of power. The demand for a high power density is directly associated with the current per chip. Increasing the current per chip results in an increase of temperature during operations as shown in the figure below(Christou, 2013). Analyses of the Problem The generator of a wind turbine is usually controlled by a power converter which consists insulated gate bipolar transistors and other components. Increase in the wind speed results to proportional increase of the turbine speed which directly leads to production of high power density. There is a proportional increases in junction temperature with the increase in the power density which is being produced with the IGBT. The temperature which is produced is used to determine the output current which can be achieved by the generator(Claeys, 2013). A power converter which is configured as an H-bridge is usually used for validation. The converter is usually equipped with the Infineon adapter board which is used for monitoring of the thermal behaviour of the components which are usually under the real field conditions(Colin, 2015). State of the Art literature review There are many benefits which are associated with the use of module components which has high junction temperature capabilities such as; the possibility of sinks thermal resistance increasing to ambient, this results in lower cost of the heat sink which has a lower performance such as the case of the windmill generator where higher liquid cooling temperatures are accepted. Due to the increase in temperature all the components which are surrounding the module needs to be adjusted so as to work effectively without the reduction in lifetime. Once there is an increase in the temperature of the module components it call for high attention on thermal management to avoid destruction of the components(Cressler, 2012). For thermal management, the lifetime IGBT module has to be estimate to determine the power cycling capability of the IGBT. Once the junction temperature is high, it results in high stress levels which the device has to undergo thus reduction in the cycle number of the device. The lifetime of the IGBT device in most cases is limited by the package technologies which include the soft soldering and wire bonding. There are new technologies which have been introduced to increase the number of cycles such as the XT technology which has overcome the limitation of the current technologies such as the wire soldering(Flandre, 2014). HiPak Technology. HiPak technology refers to the high power IGBTs which covers a wide range of voltage from 1700V to 6500 V and current such as 400A to 3600 A. This HiPak module exists in different forms such as the single IGBT, dual diode, dual IGBT and also in a chopper configuration. Any IGBT module is made of IGBTs and diodes which are built on the basis substrates that are soldered to a base plate. At the terminals are conductor leads which are mainly used to provide an electrical connection from the electrical circuit to the outside of the module. Under high temperatures and current (Jason, 2015). For the module to work effectively there are improvements which have to be made as discussed below. Solution explanation and evaluation There are many possibilities which I came up with to ensure that the IGBT module is capable of operating under high temperatures of 230oc.I proposed a lot of modification and adjustments to the module components, joining technology and thermal management as discussed below. Chipset The design of the IGBT and the diode chip require a lot of improvement to be able to operate at high temperatures. Controllable and soft switching is very essential when the chipsets are used in the modules with high temperature. This is due to the combination of the large stray inductance and high currents which will normally result in the snappy behaviour and a very high voltage during the turning off(Jones, 2013). For high current using the same technology, the platform has to be upgraded from the initial SPT to SPT+. The technology of the SPT+ works more efficiently as compared to the initial SPT, this is because it offers up to 15 % lower losses while it ensures to maintain the turn-off losses. As shown in figure 2 below. The high temperature which is expected requires reliable and stable operations of all the devices which are beyond the limit. This requires a well-optimized termination design for the diode to reduce the leakages of high temperatures. The figure below shows a range of cool temperatures where by both the diode and the IGBT have been found out to be stable with no thermal runway which is under the direct application of a DC of about 1400V and 1700V which takes not less than 300 sec(Kolawa, 2015). Package There are four main functions of the packaging technology. They include: provision of a current path directly from Bus bar to the chip and back, cooling down the heat which is generated by the module, isolating the electrical contacts from one another and ensuring that the package has mechanical robustness. Considering the improvements which were done on the Gel, terminal, module soldering a new robust product with high voltage and the current were developed(Krozer, 2014). High-temperature capable Gel The silicone Gels to be applied in the prevention of the partial discharge and also seal the atmospheric contaminants and moisture from getting into the system. Moreover, where the system has to remain operational there are environmental rules which require the junction temperature to be stored at -55oc(Lucian, 2012). The current material which to be used for insulation is the silicone gel with the specification of operating between the range of -40 and 230oc.The new operational temperature and the new requirement of the chips called for verification of the characteristics of the material of two alternatives which are Gel E and Gel S. For the selection of alternative gels, dielectric properties together the extended temperature range are the most crucial requirements. The selected potential alternatives gel it had to undergo many investigations and test(Mantooth, 2015). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermos gravimetric analysis have to be carried out to be able to determine the thermal stability of the silicone gels which are to be selected. Thermal gravimetric indicated that both samples Gel R and Gel S dah lost the same amount of weight at the same temperature of 230oc. Physical characterisation focused mainly on the thickness and hardness of the isolation of the materials and also to the components of the system. The main objective is to have an insulating material which is soft and has a good sealing(McCormick, 2011). Carrying out a comparison of the different Gels it is very clear that Gel E had the highest adhesion force. Module Soldering with Spacer The requirements of the packaging technologies increase due to the increase in the operational temperatures; this is aimed at ensuring a long lifetime and high reliability of the IGBT module. Some of the lifetime failures which are identified included; wire bond contact, large area solder joints and terminal solder joints.AS a result of that additional step which was not there initial has to be included in the process of soldering the substrates to the base plate. Where substrate edges are attached a flat aluminium are soldered to the base plate. Mechanically and the reproducible stable spacer is given as a result of these bond, which guarantees a small thickness of the solder. Therefore reducing the tilting of the substrate. Modules without and with spacers have to undergone temperature swings to determine the importance of reliability(Parsons, 2013). Some substrate corners can be observed in all modules after they undergo cycling cracks in the substrate solder. Relating the solder thickness with the crack growth rate at their location it is clear that the locations which had the solder which was the thinnest had the highest crack growth rate as shown in figure 6 below. Therefore the application of spaces to better the cycling capability. High Current Terminals The contribution of resistive power losses of the module is increasing due to the increase in the semiconductor current ratings. Unwanted power impassions are caused by high currents from the bus bar to the power terminals. Moreover, they can cause reliability challenges as a result of the overheating of the internal conductor. This call for investigations of the current path(Willander, 2011). Besides switching losses and dominant conduction, resistive losses happen at many points. On this kind of the module the losses which occur contribute greatly to the overall losses that are witnessed. The terminal contributes a lot to the resistive losses. The chip metallization, the bond wires and the wire bonds are few contributors. To lower the losses that are generated in the terminal, it compulsory that the electrical resistance has to be lowered. Because there is no other good conductor which is affordable like copper it is important to change the geometry of the conductor which is being used(Podlesak, 2016). The terminals which are currently used in the HiPak module are shown in figure 7 below. By the use of the current terminals which are used in the HiPak module, there is a significant reduction in the electrical resistance which is mainly achieved by making the current path shorter and balancing the current density in the conductor. At the same time maintaining the mechanical reliability. With this new designs of the terminals, the wind turbine generator can be able to work at even very high temperatures. Materials used and their temperature limits. The following materials were proposed to be used to enable the wind turbine generator operate at very high temperatures; Aerogel Material; this material is used for insulation and has properties which allows it to perform under in high temperature environments. Aerogel is capable of withstanding high temperatures of up to 2000 degrees centigrade with very little or no transfer of heat to other components of the wind turbine generators. In that way it can be able to insulate the components of the generator effectively. Nickel alloys; Due to the advancement in technology. Nickel alloys can be used in the wind turbine generators. Niobium Alloys; is very dense when alloyed together with tungsten it can withstand high temperature of up 900 degree Celsius in that way it is much possible to be used in the manufacture of components of the wind turbine generator. Molybdenum; this material shows very unique creeps and strength resistance and the ability to withstand very high temperatures molybdenum can be able to withstand up to a temperature of 12oo degrees centigrade Conclusion In conclusion, in most cases, the IGBT is used as an electronic switch in many electrical appliances. It has a wide application in electric power, such as; wind power generation, trains, electric cars, lamp ballasts, refrigerators, stereo systems and even in the air conditioning.(Claeys, 2013). With the increase of the operating temperatures of the IGBT of the wind turbine generator. The user has the choice of utilising the operating temperatures to raise the output current or to increase the cooling cost. The IGBT module can increase its current output up to 12.5% if the operating temperatures are raised between 175oc to 230oc.For that reason good thermal management is very important considering the area in which the module is located. There are many improvements which can be done to the components of the IGBT module to ensure that it is capable of operating at 230oc.The improvement which are to be done include: The introduction of the HiPak technology, which can operate at very high temperatures and a wide range of voltage and current(Flandre, 2014). Use of high Current terminals to reduce the unwanted power impassions which are caused by high currents from the bus bar to the power terminals. Other adjustments which were to be done included the Module Soldering with Spacer to ensure a long lifetime and high reliability of the IGBT module. Application of high temperature capable Gel which are used in the prevention of the partial discharge and also seal the atmospheric contaminants and moisture from getting into the system of the module(Claeys, 2013). References Byron, M. J. (2015). Papers presented at the Conference on High-Temperature Electronics. Chicago: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Christou, J. (2013). Reliability of High-Temperature Electronics. Texas: RIAC. Claeys, C. L. (2013). Proceedings of the Symposium on Low-Temperature Electronics and High-Temperature Superconductivity. Chicago: The Electrochemical Society. Colin, J. (2015). Fourth International High-Temperature Electronics Conference. Berlin: IEEE. Cressler, J. D. (2012). Extreme Environment Electronics. Mnchester: CRC Press. Flandre, D. (2014). Science and Technology of Semiconductor-On-Insulator Structures and Devices Operating in a Harsh Environment. Manchester: Springer Science Business Media. Jason, J. (2015). Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Low-Temperature Electronics and High-Temperature Superconductivity. Paris: The Electrochemical Society. Jones, M. (2013). Diamond Switches for High-Temperature Electronics. Texas: United States. Department of the Air Force. Kolawa, E. (2015). 1998 High-Temperature Electronic Materials, Devices and Sensors Conference. London: IEEE. Krozer, F. V. (2014). High-temperature electronics: proceedings of Symposium E on High-Temperature Electronics. London: Elsevier. Lucian, S. (2012). High Temperature Electronics Design for Aero Engine Controls and Health Monitoring. London: River Publishers. Mantooth, A. (2015). Materials for High-Temperature Semiconductor Devices. Paris: National Academies. McCormick, J. B. (2011). High-Temperature Electronics. London: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Parsons, J. D. (2013). N-Type SiC Rectifying Junctions for High Power, High-Temperature Electronics. London: Defense Technical Information Center. Podlesak, T. (2016). High-Temperature Electronics. Chicago: CRC Press. Willander, M. (2011). High-Temperature Electronics. Texas: Springer US.

The economy of Asian countries

Introduction Assessing the economy of Asian countries that have marked the greatest improvement in terms of economic performance in the past decade, it is clear that the rapid pace at which the economy has grown is closely linked to their strong export orientation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The economy of Asian countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic growth within these East Asian economies followed the change of economic activity from being based on the customary importation substitution towards activities and policies that are more focused on exporting goods to other countries. The result of such policies was immediate net annual growth of twenty percent and this extended over a long time period (Balassa, 590). The aim of this paper will analyze the similarities and differences between economic developments in Asian countries. Emphasis will be laid on the difference and similarities between fi rst and second wave. Under the first wave, we will discuss in detail, three cases, namely Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Under the second wave, we will also discuss three cases i.e. China, India and Thailand. First Wave of Economic Revolution Japan The achievement of export trade has always been closely linked to the general growth of Japan’s economic development. Volume trade averaged seventeen percent up to the year 1973. The net effect of export trade to Japan was not only limited to the provision of much needed foreign currency for the purchase of raw goods, but it also benefited the country through developing its industry so as to take advantage of the economies of scale that could not have succeeded if it was to rely solely on its domestic market. It is also through export trade that firms realized the threat of competition and the need to be innovative and efficient (Buckley, 45). So what are the catalysts for Japan’s success? The country’s industrial pol icy has always fostered a culture of innovation and support for local firms. Local firms are encouraged from the outset to aim for export of their products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All this is done in order to ensure that the country is able to compete with the West when it comes to global trade. The industrial policies of Japan are aimed at offering not only financial support but also technical support that includes advisory services and arranging trade fairs all around the globe (Buckley, 67). South Korea Export trade in South Korea has mainly been catalyzed by two important key policies that were instituted by the Government. The first was land control: Land was redistributed so as to accommodate the rising population. At the time, there was a pending population crisis as immigrants flocked from the North. A family was only restricted to three hectares. The second policy that assisted the country was education policy. The government realized at the time that the country needed qualified persons in order to run its industries, thus it placed emphasis on good and quality education for its citizens Thus the government can be attributed as one of the biggest enablers of the export trade and economic development of the country. Policies regarding export trade were drafted and based on phases. For example, the plan applied all through the 3 decades can be divided into phases. Throughout the first and second financial year phases, the country was involved with export of any goods. There was a generalization on the types of goods to be exported. The 3rd and 4th year was characterized by exports of heavy industrial machines while the phase after 1980 was characterized by export of high tech machines. This led to a steady and strong growth in South Korea’s economy (Balassa, 570). Taiwan Of all the three countries discussed under the first wave, Taiwan was relatively at a relatively better position to advance its export trade as it had acquired an already established infrastructure from its Japanese colonizers. There was no shortage of skilled labor as Chinese immigrants from the mainland came in droves. Land and education polices had already been established and financial aid from America fuelled the development in the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The economy of Asian countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This enabled the country to concentrate on the development of firms that could export products of international standards. Government policies are also largely responsible for the booming export trade as they allowed the private sector to thrive and provide the needed momentum for economic growth. In addition, the Government has promoted a secure macroeconomic environment. It has also ensured strived to support local investments, ind ustrial expansions that will drive up export volumes The similarity between all the three cases is that the Government is hugely responsible for establishing crucial policies that have led to the growth of export trade in the countries. Second Wave of Economic Revolution At a common point, it can be said that commerce and manufacturing guiding principles of the Economies that made up the 2nd wave i.e. China, Thailand and India, were similar to those of countries that made up the first wave. I.e. Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. After a phase where the countries implemented import substitution and where China’s policy was more focused on central planning, all the economic policies evolved to become more export oriented. This change in policies led to a further increase in trade (export and import) of goods. This had a net resultant effect of higher GDP growth (Chang, 136). Critics have argued that where economic growth of the â€Å"first wave† countries was largely attrib uted to abnormally positive global trade environment, countries involved in the second wave had to endure a more complex environment that was plagued by increased and selective trade protectionism among trade partners witnessed from the fifties and sixties. Despite of all the complexities, these economies have emerged as the leading lights of Asia’s economic growth. Another key difference between the two waves was that where export promotion was utilized by Japan, South Korea and Taiwan to encourage their local industries, countries in the second wave have not comprehensively utilized this tool and have instead used their exchange rate policies to stabilize their domestic macroeconomic environment rather than for export competitiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the case of China, economic growth has been realized despite the inherent political risk that the country faces. China being a one party state faces a political risk for local and foreign businessmen and investors (Chang, 142). Conclusion In summary from the above understanding of export policies in Asia, it is apparent that success that did not happen overnight due to supply and demand. Instead the economic boom was attributed to government intervention and participation in the development of local enterprise. Most notably, stages of booming growth and expansion were distinguished by public policies enabling a steady fiscal environment with a diverse range of incentives for the private sector. Incentives also included the promotion the addition of both human and physical resources. Works Cited Balassa, Ben (1964), â€Å"The Purchasing Power Parity Doctrine: A Reappraisal†, Journal of Political Economy, 1964. Vol. 72, 584-596. Buckley, Roy. (1998), Japan Today, Cambridge U niversity Press, New York and Melbourne, 2007. Chang , Hinn.(1993), â€Å"The Political Economy of Industrial Policy in Korea†, Cambridge  Journal of Economics, 2003. Vol. 17 (2), 131-157. This essay on The economy of Asian countries was written and submitted by user Analia Boyer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writing Persuasive Essays

Writing Persuasive EssaysProven persuasive essay topics do not have to be overly long and elaborate. In fact, they should be short and to the point. They can also be used to great effect if they are related to a topic that has been covered before in an elementary or high school class.The two most popular persuasive essay topics of today are the science and the philosophy topics. They can be used in various ways depending on what students want to write about. The science topic might be about how scientists study how the universe works. It could be about why scientists believe in God.It is true that writing persuasive essays is an art form that takes a good deal of practice. However, by creating long and detailed essays students will run out of ideas and they will not be able to make the argument they need to make.In order to write persuasive essays that will not only make the other person feel like they know your side of the argument, but also be written with proper facts, it is impor tant to use persuasive essay topics that relate to current events and issues in the news. These can be based on current events in the news.Another way to use persuasive essay topics that are currently newsworthy is to use the essay as a response to a press release from a news organization. For example, if a news organization releases an article or press release about something at the local level then you could use your essay to respond. Or if the news organization does an exclusive interview with a politician, then use your essay to be heard by that politician.Not all persuasive essay topics are current events. By knowing what students are interested in, you can choose a topic that is about current events in some ways, but not others. If students are particularly interested in history, for example, then it might be more appropriate to do a historical essay.It is easy to look at persuasive essay topics and simply decide which ones have already been covered. There are plenty of older college essays and high school essays that have already been written. If you are working on a large project that you are trying to finish in a relatively short amount of time, then you might be better off looking for essays that have already been written.Some people prefer to write a persuasive essay based on the first five pages of an essay that has already been written. Students tend to get bored very quickly when they read essays that are too much alike. Plus, it is very hard to be original when you write something out of a book that has already been written.