Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Reliability of High-Temperature Electronic - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reliability of High-Temperature Electronic. Answer: Introduction An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) refers to a power semiconductor device usually with three terminals which is primarily used as an electrical switch. IGBTs are gaining great importance in the power electronics from both the served application and installed devices. Currently IGBT module is applicable in a range of applications ranging from wind power production, motor drives, industrial inverters and the HVDC converters(Byron, 2015). A Lot of focus is being put in place for the IGBT module to ensure higher power densities. The higher power densities requires the IGBT to operate under high temperatures. Due to that the system of the IGBT has to be improved to meet the requirements which can allow it to operate efficiently under such conditions of high temperatures. The development of the IGBT power modules has been in the recent past been characterized by the frequent increase in power density with the main aim of reduction of costs of power. The demand for a high power density is directly associated with the current per chip. Increasing the current per chip results in an increase of temperature during operations as shown in the figure below(Christou, 2013). Analyses of the Problem The generator of a wind turbine is usually controlled by a power converter which consists insulated gate bipolar transistors and other components. Increase in the wind speed results to proportional increase of the turbine speed which directly leads to production of high power density. There is a proportional increases in junction temperature with the increase in the power density which is being produced with the IGBT. The temperature which is produced is used to determine the output current which can be achieved by the generator(Claeys, 2013). A power converter which is configured as an H-bridge is usually used for validation. The converter is usually equipped with the Infineon adapter board which is used for monitoring of the thermal behaviour of the components which are usually under the real field conditions(Colin, 2015). State of the Art literature review There are many benefits which are associated with the use of module components which has high junction temperature capabilities such as; the possibility of sinks thermal resistance increasing to ambient, this results in lower cost of the heat sink which has a lower performance such as the case of the windmill generator where higher liquid cooling temperatures are accepted. Due to the increase in temperature all the components which are surrounding the module needs to be adjusted so as to work effectively without the reduction in lifetime. Once there is an increase in the temperature of the module components it call for high attention on thermal management to avoid destruction of the components(Cressler, 2012). For thermal management, the lifetime IGBT module has to be estimate to determine the power cycling capability of the IGBT. Once the junction temperature is high, it results in high stress levels which the device has to undergo thus reduction in the cycle number of the device. The lifetime of the IGBT device in most cases is limited by the package technologies which include the soft soldering and wire bonding. There are new technologies which have been introduced to increase the number of cycles such as the XT technology which has overcome the limitation of the current technologies such as the wire soldering(Flandre, 2014). HiPak Technology. HiPak technology refers to the high power IGBTs which covers a wide range of voltage from 1700V to 6500 V and current such as 400A to 3600 A. This HiPak module exists in different forms such as the single IGBT, dual diode, dual IGBT and also in a chopper configuration. Any IGBT module is made of IGBTs and diodes which are built on the basis substrates that are soldered to a base plate. At the terminals are conductor leads which are mainly used to provide an electrical connection from the electrical circuit to the outside of the module. Under high temperatures and current (Jason, 2015). For the module to work effectively there are improvements which have to be made as discussed below. Solution explanation and evaluation There are many possibilities which I came up with to ensure that the IGBT module is capable of operating under high temperatures of 230oc.I proposed a lot of modification and adjustments to the module components, joining technology and thermal management as discussed below. Chipset The design of the IGBT and the diode chip require a lot of improvement to be able to operate at high temperatures. Controllable and soft switching is very essential when the chipsets are used in the modules with high temperature. This is due to the combination of the large stray inductance and high currents which will normally result in the snappy behaviour and a very high voltage during the turning off(Jones, 2013). For high current using the same technology, the platform has to be upgraded from the initial SPT to SPT+. The technology of the SPT+ works more efficiently as compared to the initial SPT, this is because it offers up to 15 % lower losses while it ensures to maintain the turn-off losses. As shown in figure 2 below. The high temperature which is expected requires reliable and stable operations of all the devices which are beyond the limit. This requires a well-optimized termination design for the diode to reduce the leakages of high temperatures. The figure below shows a range of cool temperatures where by both the diode and the IGBT have been found out to be stable with no thermal runway which is under the direct application of a DC of about 1400V and 1700V which takes not less than 300 sec(Kolawa, 2015). Package There are four main functions of the packaging technology. They include: provision of a current path directly from Bus bar to the chip and back, cooling down the heat which is generated by the module, isolating the electrical contacts from one another and ensuring that the package has mechanical robustness. Considering the improvements which were done on the Gel, terminal, module soldering a new robust product with high voltage and the current were developed(Krozer, 2014). High-temperature capable Gel The silicone Gels to be applied in the prevention of the partial discharge and also seal the atmospheric contaminants and moisture from getting into the system. Moreover, where the system has to remain operational there are environmental rules which require the junction temperature to be stored at -55oc(Lucian, 2012). The current material which to be used for insulation is the silicone gel with the specification of operating between the range of -40 and 230oc.The new operational temperature and the new requirement of the chips called for verification of the characteristics of the material of two alternatives which are Gel E and Gel S. For the selection of alternative gels, dielectric properties together the extended temperature range are the most crucial requirements. The selected potential alternatives gel it had to undergo many investigations and test(Mantooth, 2015). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermos gravimetric analysis have to be carried out to be able to determine the thermal stability of the silicone gels which are to be selected. Thermal gravimetric indicated that both samples Gel R and Gel S dah lost the same amount of weight at the same temperature of 230oc. Physical characterisation focused mainly on the thickness and hardness of the isolation of the materials and also to the components of the system. The main objective is to have an insulating material which is soft and has a good sealing(McCormick, 2011). Carrying out a comparison of the different Gels it is very clear that Gel E had the highest adhesion force. Module Soldering with Spacer The requirements of the packaging technologies increase due to the increase in the operational temperatures; this is aimed at ensuring a long lifetime and high reliability of the IGBT module. Some of the lifetime failures which are identified included; wire bond contact, large area solder joints and terminal solder joints.AS a result of that additional step which was not there initial has to be included in the process of soldering the substrates to the base plate. Where substrate edges are attached a flat aluminium are soldered to the base plate. Mechanically and the reproducible stable spacer is given as a result of these bond, which guarantees a small thickness of the solder. Therefore reducing the tilting of the substrate. Modules without and with spacers have to undergone temperature swings to determine the importance of reliability(Parsons, 2013). Some substrate corners can be observed in all modules after they undergo cycling cracks in the substrate solder. Relating the solder thickness with the crack growth rate at their location it is clear that the locations which had the solder which was the thinnest had the highest crack growth rate as shown in figure 6 below. Therefore the application of spaces to better the cycling capability. High Current Terminals The contribution of resistive power losses of the module is increasing due to the increase in the semiconductor current ratings. Unwanted power impassions are caused by high currents from the bus bar to the power terminals. Moreover, they can cause reliability challenges as a result of the overheating of the internal conductor. This call for investigations of the current path(Willander, 2011). Besides switching losses and dominant conduction, resistive losses happen at many points. On this kind of the module the losses which occur contribute greatly to the overall losses that are witnessed. The terminal contributes a lot to the resistive losses. The chip metallization, the bond wires and the wire bonds are few contributors. To lower the losses that are generated in the terminal, it compulsory that the electrical resistance has to be lowered. Because there is no other good conductor which is affordable like copper it is important to change the geometry of the conductor which is being used(Podlesak, 2016). The terminals which are currently used in the HiPak module are shown in figure 7 below. By the use of the current terminals which are used in the HiPak module, there is a significant reduction in the electrical resistance which is mainly achieved by making the current path shorter and balancing the current density in the conductor. At the same time maintaining the mechanical reliability. With this new designs of the terminals, the wind turbine generator can be able to work at even very high temperatures. Materials used and their temperature limits. The following materials were proposed to be used to enable the wind turbine generator operate at very high temperatures; Aerogel Material; this material is used for insulation and has properties which allows it to perform under in high temperature environments. Aerogel is capable of withstanding high temperatures of up to 2000 degrees centigrade with very little or no transfer of heat to other components of the wind turbine generators. In that way it can be able to insulate the components of the generator effectively. Nickel alloys; Due to the advancement in technology. Nickel alloys can be used in the wind turbine generators. Niobium Alloys; is very dense when alloyed together with tungsten it can withstand high temperature of up 900 degree Celsius in that way it is much possible to be used in the manufacture of components of the wind turbine generator. Molybdenum; this material shows very unique creeps and strength resistance and the ability to withstand very high temperatures molybdenum can be able to withstand up to a temperature of 12oo degrees centigrade Conclusion In conclusion, in most cases, the IGBT is used as an electronic switch in many electrical appliances. It has a wide application in electric power, such as; wind power generation, trains, electric cars, lamp ballasts, refrigerators, stereo systems and even in the air conditioning.(Claeys, 2013). With the increase of the operating temperatures of the IGBT of the wind turbine generator. The user has the choice of utilising the operating temperatures to raise the output current or to increase the cooling cost. The IGBT module can increase its current output up to 12.5% if the operating temperatures are raised between 175oc to 230oc.For that reason good thermal management is very important considering the area in which the module is located. There are many improvements which can be done to the components of the IGBT module to ensure that it is capable of operating at 230oc.The improvement which are to be done include: The introduction of the HiPak technology, which can operate at very high temperatures and a wide range of voltage and current(Flandre, 2014). Use of high Current terminals to reduce the unwanted power impassions which are caused by high currents from the bus bar to the power terminals. Other adjustments which were to be done included the Module Soldering with Spacer to ensure a long lifetime and high reliability of the IGBT module. Application of high temperature capable Gel which are used in the prevention of the partial discharge and also seal the atmospheric contaminants and moisture from getting into the system of the module(Claeys, 2013). References Byron, M. J. (2015). Papers presented at the Conference on High-Temperature Electronics. Chicago: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Christou, J. (2013). Reliability of High-Temperature Electronics. Texas: RIAC. Claeys, C. L. (2013). Proceedings of the Symposium on Low-Temperature Electronics and High-Temperature Superconductivity. Chicago: The Electrochemical Society. Colin, J. (2015). Fourth International High-Temperature Electronics Conference. Berlin: IEEE. Cressler, J. D. (2012). Extreme Environment Electronics. Mnchester: CRC Press. Flandre, D. (2014). Science and Technology of Semiconductor-On-Insulator Structures and Devices Operating in a Harsh Environment. Manchester: Springer Science Business Media. Jason, J. (2015). Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Low-Temperature Electronics and High-Temperature Superconductivity. Paris: The Electrochemical Society. Jones, M. (2013). Diamond Switches for High-Temperature Electronics. Texas: United States. Department of the Air Force. Kolawa, E. (2015). 1998 High-Temperature Electronic Materials, Devices and Sensors Conference. London: IEEE. Krozer, F. V. (2014). High-temperature electronics: proceedings of Symposium E on High-Temperature Electronics. London: Elsevier. Lucian, S. (2012). High Temperature Electronics Design for Aero Engine Controls and Health Monitoring. London: River Publishers. Mantooth, A. (2015). Materials for High-Temperature Semiconductor Devices. Paris: National Academies. McCormick, J. B. (2011). High-Temperature Electronics. London: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Parsons, J. D. (2013). N-Type SiC Rectifying Junctions for High Power, High-Temperature Electronics. London: Defense Technical Information Center. Podlesak, T. (2016). High-Temperature Electronics. Chicago: CRC Press. Willander, M. (2011). High-Temperature Electronics. Texas: Springer US.

Thursday, April 23, 2020

The economy of Asian countries

Introduction Assessing the economy of Asian countries that have marked the greatest improvement in terms of economic performance in the past decade, it is clear that the rapid pace at which the economy has grown is closely linked to their strong export orientation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The economy of Asian countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic growth within these East Asian economies followed the change of economic activity from being based on the customary importation substitution towards activities and policies that are more focused on exporting goods to other countries. The result of such policies was immediate net annual growth of twenty percent and this extended over a long time period (Balassa, 590). The aim of this paper will analyze the similarities and differences between economic developments in Asian countries. Emphasis will be laid on the difference and similarities between fi rst and second wave. Under the first wave, we will discuss in detail, three cases, namely Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Under the second wave, we will also discuss three cases i.e. China, India and Thailand. First Wave of Economic Revolution Japan The achievement of export trade has always been closely linked to the general growth of Japan’s economic development. Volume trade averaged seventeen percent up to the year 1973. The net effect of export trade to Japan was not only limited to the provision of much needed foreign currency for the purchase of raw goods, but it also benefited the country through developing its industry so as to take advantage of the economies of scale that could not have succeeded if it was to rely solely on its domestic market. It is also through export trade that firms realized the threat of competition and the need to be innovative and efficient (Buckley, 45). So what are the catalysts for Japan’s success? The country’s industrial pol icy has always fostered a culture of innovation and support for local firms. Local firms are encouraged from the outset to aim for export of their products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All this is done in order to ensure that the country is able to compete with the West when it comes to global trade. The industrial policies of Japan are aimed at offering not only financial support but also technical support that includes advisory services and arranging trade fairs all around the globe (Buckley, 67). South Korea Export trade in South Korea has mainly been catalyzed by two important key policies that were instituted by the Government. The first was land control: Land was redistributed so as to accommodate the rising population. At the time, there was a pending population crisis as immigrants flocked from the North. A family was only restricted to three hectares. The second policy that assisted the country was education policy. The government realized at the time that the country needed qualified persons in order to run its industries, thus it placed emphasis on good and quality education for its citizens Thus the government can be attributed as one of the biggest enablers of the export trade and economic development of the country. Policies regarding export trade were drafted and based on phases. For example, the plan applied all through the 3 decades can be divided into phases. Throughout the first and second financial year phases, the country was involved with export of any goods. There was a generalization on the types of goods to be exported. The 3rd and 4th year was characterized by exports of heavy industrial machines while the phase after 1980 was characterized by export of high tech machines. This led to a steady and strong growth in South Korea’s economy (Balassa, 570). Taiwan Of all the three countries discussed under the first wave, Taiwan was relatively at a relatively better position to advance its export trade as it had acquired an already established infrastructure from its Japanese colonizers. There was no shortage of skilled labor as Chinese immigrants from the mainland came in droves. Land and education polices had already been established and financial aid from America fuelled the development in the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The economy of Asian countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This enabled the country to concentrate on the development of firms that could export products of international standards. Government policies are also largely responsible for the booming export trade as they allowed the private sector to thrive and provide the needed momentum for economic growth. In addition, the Government has promoted a secure macroeconomic environment. It has also ensured strived to support local investments, ind ustrial expansions that will drive up export volumes The similarity between all the three cases is that the Government is hugely responsible for establishing crucial policies that have led to the growth of export trade in the countries. Second Wave of Economic Revolution At a common point, it can be said that commerce and manufacturing guiding principles of the Economies that made up the 2nd wave i.e. China, Thailand and India, were similar to those of countries that made up the first wave. I.e. Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. After a phase where the countries implemented import substitution and where China’s policy was more focused on central planning, all the economic policies evolved to become more export oriented. This change in policies led to a further increase in trade (export and import) of goods. This had a net resultant effect of higher GDP growth (Chang, 136). Critics have argued that where economic growth of the â€Å"first wave† countries was largely attrib uted to abnormally positive global trade environment, countries involved in the second wave had to endure a more complex environment that was plagued by increased and selective trade protectionism among trade partners witnessed from the fifties and sixties. Despite of all the complexities, these economies have emerged as the leading lights of Asia’s economic growth. Another key difference between the two waves was that where export promotion was utilized by Japan, South Korea and Taiwan to encourage their local industries, countries in the second wave have not comprehensively utilized this tool and have instead used their exchange rate policies to stabilize their domestic macroeconomic environment rather than for export competitiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the case of China, economic growth has been realized despite the inherent political risk that the country faces. China being a one party state faces a political risk for local and foreign businessmen and investors (Chang, 142). Conclusion In summary from the above understanding of export policies in Asia, it is apparent that success that did not happen overnight due to supply and demand. Instead the economic boom was attributed to government intervention and participation in the development of local enterprise. Most notably, stages of booming growth and expansion were distinguished by public policies enabling a steady fiscal environment with a diverse range of incentives for the private sector. Incentives also included the promotion the addition of both human and physical resources. Works Cited Balassa, Ben (1964), â€Å"The Purchasing Power Parity Doctrine: A Reappraisal†, Journal of Political Economy, 1964. Vol. 72, 584-596. Buckley, Roy. (1998), Japan Today, Cambridge U niversity Press, New York and Melbourne, 2007. Chang , Hinn.(1993), â€Å"The Political Economy of Industrial Policy in Korea†, Cambridge  Journal of Economics, 2003. Vol. 17 (2), 131-157. This essay on The economy of Asian countries was written and submitted by user Analia Boyer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Writing Persuasive Essays

Writing Persuasive EssaysProven persuasive essay topics do not have to be overly long and elaborate. In fact, they should be short and to the point. They can also be used to great effect if they are related to a topic that has been covered before in an elementary or high school class.The two most popular persuasive essay topics of today are the science and the philosophy topics. They can be used in various ways depending on what students want to write about. The science topic might be about how scientists study how the universe works. It could be about why scientists believe in God.It is true that writing persuasive essays is an art form that takes a good deal of practice. However, by creating long and detailed essays students will run out of ideas and they will not be able to make the argument they need to make.In order to write persuasive essays that will not only make the other person feel like they know your side of the argument, but also be written with proper facts, it is impor tant to use persuasive essay topics that relate to current events and issues in the news. These can be based on current events in the news.Another way to use persuasive essay topics that are currently newsworthy is to use the essay as a response to a press release from a news organization. For example, if a news organization releases an article or press release about something at the local level then you could use your essay to respond. Or if the news organization does an exclusive interview with a politician, then use your essay to be heard by that politician.Not all persuasive essay topics are current events. By knowing what students are interested in, you can choose a topic that is about current events in some ways, but not others. If students are particularly interested in history, for example, then it might be more appropriate to do a historical essay.It is easy to look at persuasive essay topics and simply decide which ones have already been covered. There are plenty of older college essays and high school essays that have already been written. If you are working on a large project that you are trying to finish in a relatively short amount of time, then you might be better off looking for essays that have already been written.Some people prefer to write a persuasive essay based on the first five pages of an essay that has already been written. Students tend to get bored very quickly when they read essays that are too much alike. Plus, it is very hard to be original when you write something out of a book that has already been written.

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

SAT score reports

When should you rush your ACT / SAT score reports SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Both the ACT and the SAT let you rush your score for an extra fee. When is it worth it and when is it a waste of money? What Rushing Involves Both the ACT and SAT offer rushing score reports. This means that if your test is scored already, when you request a rush score, they're sent out within 2 days. Note that rushed reports don't get your tests scored earlier, but the schools do get them faster than all non-rushed reports in every case. The only downside: the cost: which is now about $30 for SATs and $15 for ACTs. Advantage of Rushing Rushing becomes beneficial if speed is ever a question. Suppose just for example's sake that UC Berkeley says the last ACT they'll take is December. If you are taking the December ACT, then rushing may give you an advantage in case there are unforeseen delays. Sometimes even the schools themselves misestimate the arrival time. Likewise, if a school says the last ACT score they'll take is December, but you happen to know you've improved a lot and take the January test (in addition, and not instead!), it's definitely to your advantage to be aggressive and send these reports in anyway rushed. If they won't accept it, they'll just drop the scores big deal. If you rush the reports and they get it in time and consider it, it may be a big plus. And folks, the advantage of rushing time-sensitive scores is real. Here is UVA speaking about this. It is known certain schools, Yale in the past in certain situations, explicitly ask for rushing. Rushing has a real effect for sure! When Not To Rush If timing is not a question at all, then by all means don't rush. For example, the college board says their regular scores can be received up to 6 weeks late. If you have absolutely no deadlines 6 weeks after your score request, then it seems safe to pay for normal reports. Likewise, if a college explicitly tells you not to rush then you should avoid it on the principle of not going against a college request. Don't get me wrong: I have nothing against normal speed. I've always taken my SATs / ACTs months ahead of time and I never rushed my own scores. Let's talk dollars Some people seem to be against rushing because they don't like the concept of the ACT / SAT making money. Parents and students should definitely be aware of the extra costs of rushing. If $30 is a huge deal in your test budget, and you're 90%+ sure normal speed is okay, then by all means don't rush. But if you're reading this article, you might be worried about timing. In this case, the question to ask yourself is this: how much time and energy have you spent on testing? How much time and money will you spend in college? Is the goal here to completely avoid paying for something that might seem overpriced, or is the goal instead to optimize your application paying attention to money? Once you think through the above factors, I think you'll be in a great position to decide whether rushing is for you. What's Next? The college admissions process has become so competitive that it's helpful to plan well in advance for SAT/ACT prep during high school. Here are a few guides to help your thinking: Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points, or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Worldbuilding Resources for Historical Fiction Writers

Worldbuilding Resources for Historical Fiction Writers Worldbuilding Resources for Historical Fiction Writers Amy Arden is a history enthusiast. She holds a graduate degree from the University of Kent at Canterbury where some of her happiest moments involved unfurling parchment at Canterbury Cathedral Archives.  In this article, she talks about the challenge of worldbuilding in historical fiction - and how attention to detail can make or break a reader's experience and the authenticity of a story. Luckily, she has also provided  a list of resources where authors can go to research such details. Beta readers with some knowledge of the period you are writing about can be a tremendous help.Lastly, Goodreads and Quora  are also useful for finding someone with the expertise to answer your questions. In fact, Goodreads gave me the answer to when and how a Regency hostess would â€Å"turn the table† - which is a signal to guests that they should talk with the person on their opposite side. Understanding this old custom allowed me to create opportunities for Kate to have pivotal conversations.These resources are only a few of the many available to historical novelists. As with any research, use discretion when assessing the credibility of your sources. With a little luck and a little searching, you can make amazing discoveries that will bring your story, and the world that it takes place in, to life.Amy  is actively seeking representation for The Admiral’s Wife. Visit her  website  to read an excerpt!Worldbuilding can be a fine line of imagination and accurac y. As Amy says, the world you write about needs to make sense so that the reader can become immersed without distraction. Do you have any thoughts or questions for Amy? Leave them in the comments below!

Friday, February 14, 2020

Art and Creativity how they affects to the world Essay

Art and Creativity how they affects to the world - Essay Example Tentative Thesis: While oftentimes art and creativity are regarded as elements of existence that are cursory or secondary importance, it’s clear this is a falsehood. This research examination considers the ways that art and creativity are central aspects of contemporary existence. This text examines the important connection between art and commerce. It has a number of notable points that reflect the nature of art as crucial to individual development and a central element, not only in aspects of human development, but also business, entertainment, and overall innovation. The essay will consider this source for its points on the importance of art and human development. This text considers the importance of arts in the public schools. It argues that art improves students’ long-term success and aids them in comprehending outside subjects. The research essay will implement both these points in the research. This text argues that regions that have successfully developed economic regions have done so through cultivating an innovative ‘creative class.’ In these regards, it considers the central importance of creativity in business. The research essay will consider this source in terms of its indication of the importance of art on economic development. This text considers the importance of art in schools. It argues that in addition to improving student success, it improves the overall standing of the school. The research essay will consider this source in relation to the importance art plays on student achievement. This text examines the importance art in human development. Gardner argues that art contributes centrally to an individual’s ability to comprehend new concepts. This essay will consider this source in relation to the indications it makes in regards to art and human development. This text considers the nature of innovation and the business environment. It argues that creativity is a core element

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Dealing with Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dealing with Diabetes - Essay Example In the case of diabetes, your body is unable to keep blood sugar within those levels. Instead, your blood sugar consistently runs higher than normal. In Type 2 diabetes, your bodys insulin is unable to lower blood sugar because the fat cells in your body are immune to the effects of the insulin. Theres plenty of insulin in the body but your body isnt responding to it by absorbing the glucose out of your bloodstream. Type 2 diabetics often dont require insulin injections; instead, it may be controllable with diet, weight loss, and exercise. The symptoms of Type 2 diabetes can often be controlled by reaching your â€Å"ideal body weight† and by following a low-carbohydrate and low-fat diet. Cortisol is a stress hormone that is produced by your body. It lowers your bodys ability to metabolize sugars, while increasing the metabolism of fats. This means that your blood sugar will rise faster, reach higher levels, and stay at those higher levels longer. With higher levels of cortisol, insulin will no longer have an effect on blood sugar levels. If you have a condition that causes chronic stress, then, managing your diabetes becomes much more difficult. You should have regular medical checkups to ensure that you do not have other conditions besides the